Pharmacotherapy:低剂量纳络酮能否预防术后恶心和呕吐

2017-06-29 门鹏 环球医学资讯

术后恶心和呕吐(PONV)是发生在患者术后24-48小时内常见的并发症。多次呕吐,可能会导致脱水、电解质异常、食管破裂,增加非预期的住院时间。2017年5月,发表在《Pharmacotherapy》的一项由美国科学家进行的系统评价和meta分析,得出了低剂量纳络酮并不会预防PONV的结论。

术后恶心和呕吐(PONV)是发生在患者术后24-48小时内常见的并发症。多次呕吐,可能会导致脱水、电解质异常、食管破裂,增加非预期的住院时间。2017年5月,发表在《Pharmacotherapy》的一项由美国科学家进行的系统评价和meta分析,得出了低剂量纳络酮并不会预防PONV的结论。

研究目的:旨在确定术后给予低剂量静脉纳洛酮是否会降低PONV的发生率,及其对术后阿片类药物需求和疼痛评分的影响。

设计:9项随机对照试验的Meta分析。

患者:总共946名各种手术后接受24小时低剂量静脉纳洛酮的成人和儿童患者。

测量和主要结果:研究人员对Cochrane临床对照试验资料库、偱证医学评论、Pubmed和Ovid Medline数据库进行了系统文献检索。相关研究中,数据采集和偏倚评估确定了试验在本Meta分析中的入组标准。9项随机对照试验符合入组标准。9项研究中的8项的汇总分析显示,纳洛酮可降低术后恶心风险(风险比RR,0.80;95% CI,0.67~0.95;P=0.01)。然而,所有9项试验的合并分析显示,纳洛酮并不会降低术后呕吐的风险(RR,0.83;95% CI,0.63~1.09;P=0.18)。连续输注纳洛酮的亚组分析显示,纳洛酮可进一步降低恶心和呕吐,但是这些结果局限于946名患者中的186人。3项研究记录了止吐剂量,并发现总体剂量降低(RR,0.64;95% CI,0.42~0.96;P=0.03)。5项试验中,与对照相比,纳洛酮预防PONV并不会显著改变术后阿片类药物的累积需求(平均差,0.29mg;95% CI,-3.55~4.13mg;P=0.88);6项研究中,与对照相比,纳洛酮也不会改变术后疼痛视觉模拟量表评分(平均差,-0.11;95% CI,-0.26~0.05;P=0.18)。

结论:该数据的汇总分析表明,低剂量纳洛酮在预防PONV中未起到作用,而对术后阿片类药物需求和疼痛评分也无显著的影响。术后恶心的降低并未带来术后呕吐的减少。

原始出处;

Robert W. Barrons,Joseph Andrew Woods,et al.Low-Dose Naloxone for Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Pharmacotherapy.9 May 2017.DOI: 10.1002/phar.1930

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    2018-05-31 jj000001
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    2017-06-29 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅。

    0

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    2017-06-29 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

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