Nature:CRISPR实施全基因组筛选鉴定肠道病菌感染靶标

2016-10-29 生物探索 生物探索

10月20日Nature上刊登的一项研究用CRISPR实施全基因组筛选,鉴定了新兴的威胁生命的胃肠道艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile)感染的关键靶标。此项工作揭示了这种细菌最强效的毒素如何进入细胞,这是开发抵抗它的疗法的第一步。10月20日Nature上刊登的一项研究用CRISPR实施全基因组筛选,鉴定了新兴的威胁生命的胃肠道艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile

10月20日Nature上刊登的一项研究用CRISPR实施全基因组筛选,鉴定了新兴的威胁生命的胃肠道艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile)感染的关键靶标。此项工作揭示了这种细菌最强效的毒素如何进入细胞,这是开发抵抗它的疗法的第一步。


10月20日Nature上刊登的一项研究用CRISPR实施全基因组筛选,鉴定了新兴的威胁生命的胃肠道艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile)感染的关键靶标。美国波士顿儿童医院的Min Dong博士和Liang Tao博士领导的研究小组的工作揭示了这种细菌最强效的毒素如何进入细胞,这是开发抵抗它的疗法的第一步。

艰难梭菌会导致严重腹泻和肠道炎症。它很难被根除,已成为因胃肠道疾病而死亡的一个主要原因。艰难梭菌往往感染住院病人,并在体内定植。这种感染对医院、长期护理机构和长期接受抗生素治疗的病人而言是一种威胁。

Dong、Tao与来自马萨诸塞大学医学院的研究人员一起发现艰难梭菌的毒素通过一种被称作Frizzled的受体进入细胞中——具有讽刺意味的是,这种受体也是维持结肠健康的信号的入口。

鉴定Frizzled受体


艰难梭菌克隆

艰难梭菌产生多种毒素,最为人所知的是毒素A和B。本研究关注毒素B,它即便在毒素A不存在时也能够独自导致疾病。毒素B的特异性受体一直是个谜。

而在本文中发现的Frizzled受体是通过魔剪“CRISPR”在体外培养的人细胞中引入突变,开展全基因组筛选而鉴定出来的。引入突变后,培养平板上的每个细胞都携带一种让不同基因失去功能的突变。然后研究人员把毒素B加入到培养平板上,寻找有抵抗性的细胞。

经过四轮筛选,研究人员获得未受到损伤的细胞群体。这些细胞携带保护它们免受这种毒素伤害的突变。之后研究人员利用下一代测序技术发现了这些存活下来的细胞发生多种突变。有一种突变就发生在一种被称作Frizzled的受体上。

接下来,通过与来自波士顿儿童医院内分泌学系的研究人员合作,他们利用结肠干细胞构建“类器官”---微型的三维肠道组织培养物来研究Frizzled受体。当编码Frizzled受体的基因被删除时,肠道类器官就对这种毒素产生抗性;那些保留Frizzled基因的肠道类器官遭受到明显的损伤。

最后,他们在小鼠体内开展研究,也获得类似的结果。

潜在的艰难梭菌治疗策略

有趣的是,通过一种众所周知的Wnt通路起作用,Frizzled也是在修复和维持结肠组织中发挥至关重要“好”的作用的信号受体。

结肠中的干细胞依赖于Wnt信号通路让它们发挥功能和产生新的细胞。毒素B和Wnt信号竞争结合到Frizzled受体上,研究人员认为这提示着毒素B直接抑制细胞中的Wnt信号,他们证实了毒素B强烈抑制Wnt信号。

这一发现提示着毒素B对结肠干细胞特别有害。在抵御这些毒素时,恢复Wnt信号通路活性和维持干细胞健康将是非常重要的。

研究人员鉴定出一种保护结肠的潜在策略:他们发现一种Frizzled蛋白的重组片段能够被用来“萃取”毒素B;另一种潜在的方法是直接激活Wnt信号通路。制药公司正在试图开发阻断Frizzled受体的抗体。

Wnt信号通路也在癌细胞中发挥着重要作用。Dong和同事们推测艰难梭菌毒素B的一个片段(该片段毒性并不是那么强),可能也是研究Wnt信号通路的一种研究工具,甚至可能是一种癌症疗法。

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    2017-03-13 liye789132251
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    2016-10-31 thlabcde

    好东西学习了!

    0

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    2016-10-31 yuandd
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881394, encodeId=d63e188139403, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Mar 13 00:49:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152298, encodeId=723d152298a4, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:42 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275939, encodeId=cca512e593964, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1352749, encodeId=ce7f1352e4936, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=827d9996311' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99963, encryptionId=827d9996311, topicName=靶标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1546458, encodeId=322515464582b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81eb2939373' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全基因组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29393, encryptionId=81eb2939373, topicName=全基因组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dc2113925052, createdName=ms1692810954239974, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584361, encodeId=abfb15843619f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bbee5948f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#筛选#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75948, encryptionId=9bbee5948f0, topicName=筛选)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39da17047364, createdName=ms6747015003810650, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152151, encodeId=0f031521517c, content=不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Oct 30 10:13:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152074, encodeId=b49f1520e402, content=厉害了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=2dd71722896, createdName=studylzc, createdTime=Sun Oct 30 00:50:16 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-31 zhaojie88
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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881394, encodeId=d63e188139403, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Mar 13 00:49:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152298, encodeId=723d152298a4, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:42 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275939, encodeId=cca512e593964, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1352749, encodeId=ce7f1352e4936, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=827d9996311' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99963, encryptionId=827d9996311, topicName=靶标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1546458, encodeId=322515464582b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81eb2939373' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全基因组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29393, encryptionId=81eb2939373, topicName=全基因组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dc2113925052, createdName=ms1692810954239974, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584361, encodeId=abfb15843619f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bbee5948f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#筛选#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75948, encryptionId=9bbee5948f0, topicName=筛选)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39da17047364, createdName=ms6747015003810650, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152151, encodeId=0f031521517c, content=不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Oct 30 10:13:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152074, encodeId=b49f1520e402, content=厉害了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=2dd71722896, createdName=studylzc, createdTime=Sun Oct 30 00:50:16 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881394, encodeId=d63e188139403, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Mar 13 00:49:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152298, encodeId=723d152298a4, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:42 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275939, encodeId=cca512e593964, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1352749, encodeId=ce7f1352e4936, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=827d9996311' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99963, encryptionId=827d9996311, topicName=靶标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1546458, encodeId=322515464582b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81eb2939373' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全基因组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29393, encryptionId=81eb2939373, topicName=全基因组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dc2113925052, createdName=ms1692810954239974, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584361, encodeId=abfb15843619f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bbee5948f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#筛选#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75948, encryptionId=9bbee5948f0, topicName=筛选)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39da17047364, createdName=ms6747015003810650, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152151, encodeId=0f031521517c, content=不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Oct 30 10:13:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152074, encodeId=b49f1520e402, content=厉害了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=2dd71722896, createdName=studylzc, createdTime=Sun Oct 30 00:50:16 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-30 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    不错,值得拜读

    0

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    2016-10-30 studylzc

    厉害了!

    0

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