BMJ:工作压力大不直接导致癌症

2013-02-18 佚名 EGMN

  一项大规模回顾性研究显示,工作压力与肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌或前列腺癌风险无直接关联。   芬兰职业健康研究所的Katriina Heikkil博士在2月7日出版的《英国医学杂志》上撰文指出:“工作相关社会心理应激不大可能是这些癌症的重要危险因素。因此,尽管减轻工作压力毫无疑问可以改善心理和生理健康,但对于减少人群癌症负担恐怕难有明显效果。”(BMJ 2013;346b:f165 [doi:

  一项大规模回顾性研究显示,工作压力与肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌或前列腺癌风险无直接关联。

  芬兰职业健康研究所的Katriina Heikkil博士在2月7日出版的《英国医学杂志》上撰文指出:“工作相关社会心理应激不大可能是这些癌症的重要危险因素。因此,尽管减轻工作压力毫无疑问可以改善心理和生理健康,但对于减少人群癌症负担恐怕难有明显效果。”(BMJ 2013;346b:f165 [doi: 10.1136/bmj.f165])

  但Heikkil博士也承认,本项研究并未完全免除应激在癌症易感性中的责任。“例如,一项针对不同类型应激与乳腺癌风险的Meta分析显示,来自负面生活事件的应激与风险增加始终有关(Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13:208)。在一项法国研究中,脑癌患者比无癌症的对照者更可能报告负面生活事件,但没有清晰证据表明这两组人群在工作压力方面有无差异(J. Neurooncol. 2011;103:307-16)。”

  本项回顾性研究从丹麦、芬兰和瑞典的10项临床试验中纳入了116,056名受试者,平均随访事件为12年(范围:5~23年)。作者强调,这一长跨度是本项研究的一大优势。基线时,受试者的平均年龄为38岁,62%的受试者体重正常,大约1/4的受试者吸烟,10%属于严重酗酒(女性每周至少饮酒15次,男性每周至少饮酒22次)。

  工作中的社会心理应激定义为工作要求高+职场控制力弱。按照压力大小,将工作分为4类:高压力工作(高要求/低控制)、主动性工作(高要求/高控制)、被动性工作(低要求/低控制)和低压力工作(低要求/高控制)。研究者采用一种Likert型量表评估工作性质,并用两种已被证实有效的压力问卷加以验证。研究者还校正了年龄、性别、社会经济地位、体重指数、吸烟和饮酒等因素的影响。


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  结果显示,癌症总发病率为5%(5,765人),最常见的是乳腺癌(发病率0.9%,1,010人),其次为前列腺癌(发病率0.7%,865人)、结直肠癌(发病率0.5%,522人)和肺癌(发病率0.3%,374人)。在工作压力/无工作压力二元分析中,未发现与总体癌症风险有关[危险比(HR),0.97]。不仅如此,工作压力与结直肠癌(HR,1.16)、乳腺癌(HR,0.97)、肺癌(HR,1.17)或前列腺癌(HR,0.86)之间均无显著关联。“也没有明确证据显示工作压力的类别与癌症风险有关。”

  这项研究提示,以往报告工作压力与癌症风险有关的研究可能存在偶然性、低效力、变量校正方法不同等问题,也可能还存在未能评估的因素,例如有少量证据提示,变换工作可能增加乳腺癌风险。

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原始出处:

    Heikkilä K, Nyberg ST, Theorell T, Fransson EI, Alfredsson L, Bjorner JB, Bonenfant S, Borritz M, Bouillon K, Burr H, Dragano N, Geuskens GA, Goldberg M, Hamer M, Hooftman WE, Houtman IL, Joensuu M, Knutsson A, Koskenvuo M, Koskinen A, Kouvonen A, Madsen IE, Magnusson Hanson LL, Marmot MG, Nielsen ML, Nordin M, Oksanen T, Pentti J, Salo P, Rugulies R, Steptoe A, Suominen S, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, Väänänen A, Westerholm P, Westerlund H, Zins M, Ferrie JE, Singh-Manoux A, Batty GD, Kivimäki M; IPD-Work Consortium. Work stress and risk of cancer: meta-analysis of 5700 incident cancer events in 116 000 European men and women. BMJ. 2013 Feb 7;346:f165..
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bmj.f165.pdf

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    2013-10-22 gaoxiaoe
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    2013-02-20 jambiya
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