Cancer Cell:淋巴瘤免疫治疗新策略

2017-12-07 孟令彧 “医海拾贝微转化”微信号

英国南安普敦大学医学院血液肿瘤系Sean Hua Lim 团队检测了anti-CD20单克隆抗体与一系列免疫调节单克隆抗体的协同作用后的治疗潜力,发现只有anti-CD27/CD20的综合治疗能得到治愈的效果,其在淋巴瘤模型里尤其明显,包括使用huCD27转基因小鼠。使用单细胞RNA测序发现anti-CD27刺激CD8+T细胞和自然杀伤性细胞来释放髓样趋化因子以及干扰素γ,进而诱发髓细胞浸润以及巨

摘要:单克隆抗体能通过招募髓样细胞来摧毁肿瘤或靶向免疫调节受体来促进细胞毒性T淋巴反应。英国南安普敦大学医学院血液肿瘤系Sean Hua Lim 团队检测了anti-CD20单克隆抗体与一系列免疫调节单克隆抗体的协同作用后的治疗潜力,发现只有anti-CD27/CD20的综合治疗能得到治愈的效果,其在淋巴瘤模型里尤其明显,包括使用huCD27转基因小鼠。使用单细胞RNA测序发现anti-CD27刺激CD8+T细胞和自然杀伤性细胞来释放髓样趋化因子以及干扰素γ,进而诱发髓细胞浸润以及巨噬细胞活化。此项研究表明使用免疫调节单克隆抗体可通招募并激活髓样细胞来提高单克隆抗体抗肿瘤的作用。

理论基础:单克隆抗体(mAb)已被证明是癌症治疗的有效工具。根据它们的效应功能,可以将它们分成两组:直接靶向肿瘤的单克隆抗体(如抗CD20,抗Her2和抗EGFR),可通过先天免疫效应器靶向肿瘤;而免疫调节性单克隆抗体(例如抗PD-1,抗PD-L1,抗CTLA-4和抗CD40)可激活获得性免疫系统。直接靶向肿瘤的单克隆抗体最初通过巨噬细胞介导的吞噬作用杀死肿瘤细胞,而免疫调节剂可除去抑制性信号传导(检查点阻断剂)或直接刺激免疫效应细胞(免疫刺激性mAb)。当组合时,某些免疫调节性mAb(例如4-1BB)可以通过增强mAb(CD20)的抗肿瘤功效或增加自然杀伤(NK)细胞介导的抗体依赖性细胞毒性。Lim团队的结果表明单克隆抗体的功效可以通过增加具有吞噬作用的巨噬细胞的活力和数量来使抗肿瘤细胞的效果得到提高。这可以通过对CD27的刺激来间接实现。CD27是一种能在T和NK细胞中表达的协同刺激受体。这些细胞的活化会触发趋化因子和细胞因子释放,进而吸引和激活巨噬细胞。该团队描述了这种免疫调节mAb的意想不到的效果,以及如何利用它来提高肿瘤靶向抗体在多种肿瘤类型中的抗肿瘤功效。

结果:研究人员使用具有免疫活性的小鼠B淋巴细胞模型来探究结合免疫调节mAbs 的anti-CD20治疗效果是否得到增强,结果表明CD20单抗与大多数免疫调节性单克隆抗体结合并不能提高治疗效果, 而anti-CD27是一个例外。该联合治疗效果在一定程度上依赖于T细胞。先前的报道已经表明anti-CD27的抗肿瘤作用一部分受到CD8+T cells 的调节,在本研究中anti-CD27的治疗效果也受到了CD4+ T cells 和CD8+ T cells的影响,共同减少两种T细胞要比单独减少一种T细胞更能削弱anti-CD27的治疗效果。除此之外,该文章在探讨NK细胞对抗CD20 / CD27联合治疗的作用中,发现NK cell和T cell的减少会降低anti-CD27与 anti-CD20结合的治疗效果。因此,无论是 T cells 还是NK cell都能通过anti-CD20提高对肿瘤的控制,但是anti-CD20是如何发挥作用的尚待进一步研究。

临床意义:直接靶向肿瘤的单克隆抗体主要通过巨噬细胞介导的吞噬作用杀死肿瘤,并且已经在不同的癌症中表现出疗效。但是这些反应往往是不完全的并且是短暂的。现在显示这些单克隆抗体的功效可以通过增加可用于吞噬调理的肿瘤细胞的巨噬细胞的活性和数量来增强,这可以通过刺激CD27间接实现。这些细胞的激活触发吸引和激活巨噬细胞的趋化因子和细胞因子的释放。此项研究为淋巴瘤的免疫治疗提供了新的策略。

原始出处:

Turaj AH,et al.,Antibody Tumor Targeting Is Enhanced by CD27 Agonists through Myeloid Recruitment.Cancer Cell. 2017 Nov 21. pii: S1535-6108(17)30471-3.

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    2018-09-15 维他命
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