Nat Biotechnol :深度解读!科学家成功清楚地绘制出人类肠道的微生态系统目录!

2020-08-02 EMILY LEE 细胞

来自欧洲分子生物学实验室等机构的科学家们通过研究将人类肠道微生物组中所有已知的细菌基因组汇编成了一个大型的数据库,从而就能帮助研究人员深入即使细菌基因和蛋白之间的关联,以及其对人类健康的影响。

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Nature Biotechnology上题为“A unified catalog of 204,938 reference genomes from the human gut microbiome”的研究报告中,来自欧洲分子生物学实验室等机构的科学家们通过研究将人类肠道微生物组中所有已知的细菌基因组汇编成了一个大型的数据库,从而就能帮助研究人员深入即使细菌基因和蛋白之间的关联,以及其对人类健康的影响。

细菌遍布人体内外,其能够产生蛋白质来影响机体消化、健康和对疾病的易感性,其如此普遍以至于人体微生物组成员的数量要比人体细胞还要多,包括细菌、真菌和其它微生物;为了理解细菌在人类生物学中所扮演的关键角色,科学家们通常会在实验室中分离并对其培养,随后在对细菌进行DNA测序,然而目前很多细菌还无法在实验室的环境中被培养繁殖。

为了获得这些细菌的相关信息,研究人员采取了另外一种方法,他们从环境中(比如肠道)收集单一样本,随后在对整个样本中的DNA进行测序,然后利用计算机方法对来自单一样本中的数千种物种的个体基因组进行重建,这种方法被称之为宏基因组学技术,该技术能作为一种替代方法对单个物种的DNA进行分离和测序。

研究者Rob Finn表示,去年包括我们在内的三个独立团队重建了成千上万个肠道微生物组基因组,而最大的问题就是这些团队所得到的结果是否具有可比性,以及是否能将这些结果汇编成为一个非常全面的清单。目前研究人员已经从人类肠道中超过4600种细菌群落中汇编了20万个基因组和1.7亿个蛋白质序列,这种新型的数据库(统一的人类胃肠道基因组集合和统一的胃肠道蛋白质目录)揭示了机体肠道的巨大多样性,并为进一步进行肠道微生物组研究铺平了道路。

研究者绘制出的这个巨大的目录是微生物组研究的一个里程碑,未来或将能为科学家们提供非常宝贵的资源来研究人类肠道生态系统中每一种细菌所扮演的关键角色。这项研究表明,超过70%被检测到的细菌从而在实验室中被成功培养过,而其在体内的活性仍然未知,而这类细菌中最大的群体就是Comantemales;研究者表示,看到Comantemales如此广泛真是一个惊喜,这就凸显了我们的确对肠道中的细菌知之甚少,我希望这个目录能帮助生物信息学家和分子生物学家在未来几年弥补这一知识空白。

该数据库/目录收集的所有数据都能在在线资源Mgnify中获得,其能帮助科学家们分析微生物的基因组数据并且与当前的数据库进行对比;随着世界各地研究团队不断发布新的数据库,该目录可能会扩大到包括其它机体部位的微生物组,比如皮肤或口腔内部等部位。最后研究者表示,这一目录的汇编未来或为微生物学家和临床研究人员提供非常丰富的资源,然而研究人员可能会在南美洲、亚洲和非洲等代表性不足的地区发现更多新的细菌物种,目前研究人员并不清楚不同人群中细菌多样性的差异和变化情况。

原始出处:

Alexandre Almeida, Stephen Nayfach, Miguel Boland, et al.A unified catalog of 204,938 reference genomes from the human gut microbiome.Nat Biotechnol. 2020 Jul 20. doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0603-3.

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    2021-04-23 cathymary
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    2020-11-25 liye789132251
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    2020-08-09 shock_melon
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    2020-11-08 sunylz

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