2014年第一版NCCN头颈部肿瘤指南更新要点简介

2014-05-27 MedSci MedSci原创

美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)指南是目前国际上应用最广泛的肿瘤学临床指南之一。近期,NCCN发布了2014年第一版头颈部肿瘤临床实践指南,该指南与2013年第二版相比,诊治原则方面仅在细节上进行了部分修订。本文主要对新版NCCN头颈部肿瘤指南外科治疗及放化疗方面的更新进行解读,希望能为临床医生深入理解和应用该指南提供帮助。头颈部肿瘤外科手术治疗方面的更新对临床未发现肿大淋巴结的口腔癌患者是否需要

美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)指南是目前国际上应用最广泛的肿瘤学临床指南之一。近期,NCCN发布了2014年第一版头颈部肿瘤临床实践指南,该指南与2013年第二版相比,诊治原则方面仅在细节上进行了部分修订。本文主要对新版NCCN头颈部肿瘤指南外科治疗及放化疗方面的更新进行解读,希望能为临床医生深入理解和应用该指南提供帮助。

头颈部肿瘤外科手术治疗方面的更新

对临床未发现肿大淋巴结的口腔癌患者是否需要行颈清扫术,一直存在较大争议,这取决于医生对颈淋巴结的病理状态的正确评估。故对T1~2、N0,即原发灶直径≤6cm淋巴结转移阴性者,新版指南增加“原发灶切除±前哨淋巴结(SLN)活检”这一项目,目的是根据SLN病理结果指导手术者决定是否为患者进一步行颈清扫术。

旧版指南对于声门型喉癌原位癌的治疗方法有两种:内镜下切除和放疗,新指南则进一步指出推荐内镜下切除术。而对于T1~2,N0和某些T3术后切缘阳性者的处理方式应选择二次手术或放疗,不再对≥T2或伴其他危险因素者考虑联合放化疗。

2013年指南列出了7种与预后相关的肿瘤累及区域,即①侵犯翼内肌;②肉眼可见颅底侵犯;③直接侵犯上鼻咽,深部侵犯咽鼓管和鼻咽侧壁;④侵犯颈总动脉;⑤侵犯皮肤;⑥侵犯纵膈、颈椎或椎前筋膜;⑦皮下转移。新版指南仍沿用,但进一步提出对于有癌肿完整切除可能的患者,这些区域累及都不能作为绝对禁忌证。

对于原发灶的切除,新版指南新增了两点:1、骨髓腔侵犯是节段性切除的指征,骨髓冰冻切片有助于指导手术切除范围;2、随着机器人及激光辅助切除术在头颈部肿瘤原发灶治疗中逐渐普及,指南指出,合理运用新技术是关键,重点是要求医生具有熟练的操作技能和丰富的临床经验。

头颈部肿瘤化疗方面的更新


2014年的新版指南中推荐的一线化疗方案没有改变,仍然是同期顺铂化疗联合放疗。随机对照Ⅲ期临床试验研究发现序贯放化疗和同期联合放化疗较联合诱导化疗在生存率上没有明显差异。故新版指南在鼻咽癌辅助化疗后放化疗方案中,将PF方案(顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶)治疗后行顺铂+放疗的推荐级别由1类降为2A类证据,同样将顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶治疗后行卡铂+放疗的推荐等级由2A降为2B类证据。诱导/贯续化疗中,新指南中增加DP方案(多西他赛+顺铂),推荐等级2B类证据。

复发或转移的头颈部鳞状细胞癌患者,姑息性治疗联合表皮生长因子受体抑制剂西妥昔单抗是最主要的治疗方案。近期的II期临床研究显示西妥昔单抗联合顺铂+紫杉醇或联合顺铂+多西他赛能取得良好的效果[J Clin Oncol. 2012 (suppl; abstr 5505);J Clin Oncol.2005:5578-5587],因此在新版指南中非鼻咽癌患者增加了2种联合化疗方案:①顺铂+多西他赛联合西妥昔单抗;②顺铂+紫杉醇联合西妥昔单抗。而鉴于中国研究者一项在鼻咽癌患者中的研究[J Cancer ResClin Oncol. 2012 Oct;138(10):1717-25],顺铂+吉他西滨方案被新增为此类患者的联合治疗选择。而单剂化疗方案中异环磷酰胺和博来霉素推荐等级都由2A降低为2B类证据。


NCCN头指南下载链接:NCCN Guidelines®


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    2015-10-07 taddy

    内容很新很好

    0

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    2015-02-27 xiaoai5777

    不安指南会出错

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37823, encodeId=37773e8234a, content=内容很新很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1f12108544, createdName=taddy, createdTime=Wed Oct 07 09:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988210, encodeId=3e2919882100a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=327e563967e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指南更新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56396, encryptionId=327e563967e, topicName=指南更新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04ce158, createdName=lxg951, createdTime=Sun Sep 28 10:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17140, encodeId=157d1e1407d, content=不安指南会出错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Fri Feb 27 22:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1809180, encodeId=55c0180918056, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2af98294940' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82949, encryptionId=2af98294940, topicName=肿瘤指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/6238544484D1FE65CCBBD849EAEE67C2/100, createdBy=47102500004, createdName=ms9651749636653578, createdTime=Fri Jun 27 23:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11301, encodeId=b70311301bb, content=补充了鳞癌靶向治疗的内容,很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fbe0108553, createdName=michelle200020, createdTime=Tue Aug 26 07:39:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1319683, encodeId=919b131968360, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c806125e30b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NCCN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12573, encryptionId=c806125e30b, topicName=NCCN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1491755, encodeId=34211491e55f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b4f14442346' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头颈部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44423, encryptionId=b4f14442346, topicName=头颈部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0b2d8903151, createdName=wshxjq, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1589675, encodeId=94f815896e509, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=124d10065220' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#颈部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100652, encryptionId=124d10065220, topicName=颈部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c46a17776631, createdName=木头人519, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-08-26 michelle200020

    补充了鳞癌靶向治疗的内容,很好

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37823, encodeId=37773e8234a, content=内容很新很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1f12108544, createdName=taddy, createdTime=Wed Oct 07 09:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988210, encodeId=3e2919882100a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=327e563967e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指南更新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56396, encryptionId=327e563967e, topicName=指南更新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04ce158, createdName=lxg951, createdTime=Sun Sep 28 10:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17140, encodeId=157d1e1407d, content=不安指南会出错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Fri Feb 27 22:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1809180, encodeId=55c0180918056, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2af98294940' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82949, encryptionId=2af98294940, topicName=肿瘤指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/6238544484D1FE65CCBBD849EAEE67C2/100, createdBy=47102500004, createdName=ms9651749636653578, createdTime=Fri Jun 27 23:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11301, encodeId=b70311301bb, content=补充了鳞癌靶向治疗的内容,很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fbe0108553, createdName=michelle200020, createdTime=Tue Aug 26 07:39:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1319683, encodeId=919b131968360, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c806125e30b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NCCN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12573, encryptionId=c806125e30b, topicName=NCCN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1491755, encodeId=34211491e55f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b4f14442346' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头颈部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44423, encryptionId=b4f14442346, topicName=头颈部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0b2d8903151, createdName=wshxjq, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1589675, encodeId=94f815896e509, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=124d10065220' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#颈部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100652, encryptionId=124d10065220, topicName=颈部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c46a17776631, createdName=木头人519, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37823, encodeId=37773e8234a, content=内容很新很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1f12108544, createdName=taddy, createdTime=Wed Oct 07 09:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988210, encodeId=3e2919882100a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=327e563967e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指南更新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56396, encryptionId=327e563967e, topicName=指南更新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04ce158, createdName=lxg951, createdTime=Sun Sep 28 10:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17140, encodeId=157d1e1407d, content=不安指南会出错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Fri Feb 27 22:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1809180, encodeId=55c0180918056, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2af98294940' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82949, encryptionId=2af98294940, topicName=肿瘤指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/6238544484D1FE65CCBBD849EAEE67C2/100, createdBy=47102500004, createdName=ms9651749636653578, createdTime=Fri Jun 27 23:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11301, encodeId=b70311301bb, content=补充了鳞癌靶向治疗的内容,很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fbe0108553, createdName=michelle200020, createdTime=Tue Aug 26 07:39:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1319683, encodeId=919b131968360, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c806125e30b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NCCN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12573, encryptionId=c806125e30b, topicName=NCCN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1491755, encodeId=34211491e55f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b4f14442346' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头颈部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44423, encryptionId=b4f14442346, topicName=头颈部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0b2d8903151, createdName=wshxjq, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1589675, encodeId=94f815896e509, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=124d10065220' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#颈部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100652, encryptionId=124d10065220, topicName=颈部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c46a17776631, createdName=木头人519, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-05-29 wshxjq
  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37823, encodeId=37773e8234a, content=内容很新很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1f12108544, createdName=taddy, createdTime=Wed Oct 07 09:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988210, encodeId=3e2919882100a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=327e563967e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指南更新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56396, encryptionId=327e563967e, topicName=指南更新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04ce158, createdName=lxg951, createdTime=Sun Sep 28 10:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17140, encodeId=157d1e1407d, content=不安指南会出错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Fri Feb 27 22:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1809180, encodeId=55c0180918056, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2af98294940' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82949, encryptionId=2af98294940, topicName=肿瘤指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/6238544484D1FE65CCBBD849EAEE67C2/100, createdBy=47102500004, createdName=ms9651749636653578, createdTime=Fri Jun 27 23:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11301, encodeId=b70311301bb, content=补充了鳞癌靶向治疗的内容,很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fbe0108553, createdName=michelle200020, createdTime=Tue Aug 26 07:39:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1319683, encodeId=919b131968360, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c806125e30b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NCCN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12573, encryptionId=c806125e30b, topicName=NCCN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1491755, encodeId=34211491e55f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b4f14442346' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头颈部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44423, encryptionId=b4f14442346, topicName=头颈部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0b2d8903151, createdName=wshxjq, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1589675, encodeId=94f815896e509, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=124d10065220' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#颈部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100652, encryptionId=124d10065220, topicName=颈部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c46a17776631, createdName=木头人519, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:10:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

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