Cell:干细胞分裂确实会增加癌症风险

2016-08-31 佚名 生物谷

过去几年发表的计算研究已提出癌症的不同主要风险因素,从干细胞的随机突变到环境致癌物。在一项新的研究中,来自美国田纳西州孟菲斯市圣裘德儿童研究医院和英国剑桥大学的研究人员在小鼠体内测试了这些理论,发现干细胞中发生的突变确实发挥着一种显著性的作用。相关研究结果发表在2016年8月25日那期Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Multi-organ Mapping of Cancer Risk”。 论


过去几年发表的计算研究已提出癌症的不同主要风险因素,从干细胞的随机突变到环境致癌物。在一项新的研究中,来自美国田纳西州孟菲斯市圣裘德儿童研究医院和英国剑桥大学的研究人员在小鼠体内测试了这些理论,发现干细胞中发生的突变确实发挥着一种显著性的作用。相关研究结果发表在2016年8月25日那期Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Multi-organ Mapping of Cancer Risk”。

论文共同通信作者、剑桥大学英国癌症研究中心主任Richard Gilbertson说,“一种观点在科学界流行了好几年---一些人说癌症是‘坏运气’,这是因为干细胞中的突变是偶然产生的,然而其他人声称环境致癌物在癌症产生中发挥更加重要的作用。这种不一致性主要来自于使用不同的数学模型来研究现存的人类癌症和干细胞数据,因此很难梳理出单个因素的影响。因此,我们在真实的实验模型中测试这些不同的观点,其中在这些实验模型中,我们研究了可能促进癌症产生的单个因素。”

在2015年1月,来自美国约翰霍普金斯大学的一个研究团队(Science, doi:10.1126/science.1260825)在Science期刊上发表证据证实干细胞突变是癌症的主要触发因子,并且发现一种组织中的干细胞在它的一生当中经历的分裂次数能够解释不同组织类型之间大约65%的癌症风险差异。随后,在2016年1月,来自美国纽约石溪大学的Yusuf Hannun和他的同事们发现几乎所有的癌症病例是由于环境暴露(Nature, doi:10.1038/nature16166)。

为了理解这些存在冲突的数据,Gilberston和同事们利用一种被称作Prom1的标志分子追踪小鼠体内的细胞分裂活动。论文第一作者、圣裘德儿童研究医院发育神经生物学系研究员Liqin Zhu说,“通过在小鼠的所有主要器官中追踪这些Prom1阳性细胞的一生,我们能够鉴定出这些细胞在哪些器官中是活跃分裂的干细胞。”研究人员随后将DNA突变引入这些细胞。Zhu说,“这种方法排除了对致癌物的需要,将它们从癌症方程式中移除,从而允许我们测试干细胞的再生能力是否影响癌症风险。”

最后,研究人员发现仅在活跃分裂的细胞中发生的突变会导致癌症产生。但是,他们也发现组织损伤“能够‘唤醒’休眠的干细胞,让它们发生分裂,从而极大地增加癌症风险。因此,我们提出癌症的起源在于一场‘完美风暴(perfect storm)’,其中这场完美风暴包括DNA突变、干细胞功能和组织损伤。”

研究人员还发现相对于成年小鼠体内的干细胞,新生小鼠体内的干细胞更不可能发生癌变。Zhu说,“如果这种生物学特征在人体内也是如此的话,那么它可能解释了为何儿童的癌症发生率要比成年人低很多倍,尽管事实上儿童癌症积累着相当数量的改变蛋白功能的突变,而且在儿童时期器官生长率达到顶峰。”

原始出处

Liqin Zhu, David Finkelstein, Culian Gao, Lei Shi, Yongdong Wang, Dolores López-Terrada, Kasper Wang, Sarah Utley, Stanley Pounds, Geoffrey Neale, David Ellison, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Richard James Gilbertson.Multi-organ Mapping of Cancer Risk.Cell.2016

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    2017-04-27 维他命
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869529, encodeId=d9ea1869529b7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Jun 06 06:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959788, encodeId=cba31959e8826, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Apr 27 09:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=109405, encodeId=7bed10940553, content=很好的总结, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Fri Sep 02 09:07:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1545612, encodeId=73e91545612ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=424c48e60cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#干细胞分裂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48760, encryptionId=424c48e60cd, topicName=干细胞分裂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9cb513785312, createdName=ms7258648636991762, createdTime=Fri Sep 02 04:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1557168, encodeId=35b5155e16892, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f611e7814e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞分裂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77814, encryptionId=f611e7814e8, topicName=细胞分裂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=126314868296, createdName=wshxjq, createdTime=Fri Sep 02 04:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-02 oo902

    很好的总结

    0

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