JBMR:老年人骨质疏松性骨折的预测研究

2021-10-29 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

骨质疏松症是一种全身性骨骼疾病,其特征是骨密度降低和骨结构破坏,导致骨骼强度降低,从而增加骨折的易感性。

背景及目的:骨质疏松症是一种全身性骨骼疾病,其特征是骨密度降低和骨结构破坏,导致骨骼强度降低,从而增加骨折的易感性。根据加拿大骨质疏松症的数据,至少三分之一的女性和五分之一的男性在一生中都会患有骨质疏松症。骨折与生活质量下降、早期死亡率增加、残疾和经济负担等重要后果有关。在加拿大和其他国家,骨质疏松症是人口慢性疾病监测项目的一部分。虽然骨折是骨质疏松症的主要表现,但在目前的监测系统中,很少有算法可以识别骨质疏松性骨折的高危个体。本研究的目的是推导和验证预测模型,利用医疗管理数据以准确识别个人骨质疏松性骨折高风险。

方法:从魁北克慢性疾病综合监测系统中随机抽取超过27万名年龄≥66岁的男性和女性。在2006-2007和2015-2016期间对选定的个人进行了跟踪。该算法对除膝关节外的所有部位的阳性预测值为80% - 96%(63%),对除椎骨、骶骨和尾骨外的所有部位的敏感性为70% - 95%(40%)。既往骨折确诊时间为1997年4月1日至随访开始(队列1组为2011年4月1日,队列2组为2006年4月1日)。经过5年(队列1)或10年(队列2)的随访,确认了发生骨折的情况。以下说法被用来识别骨折:(一)骨折治疗医疗服务程序代码(切开复位、闭合复位、固定)(二)因骨折主要就诊,且至少有一项与同一解剖位置的骨折有关的其他索赔(如急诊室就诊、后续就诊)(三)如果骨折有至少一项与骨折相关的其他索赔,应向骨科医生咨询。建立了随访期为5年和10年髋/股骨和主要骨质疏松性骨折的预测模型。总共确定了62个可在医疗管理数据库中测量的潜在预测因子。预测器的选择是使用手动逆向算法进行的。最终模型的预测性能通过辨别、校准和整体性能的测量进行评估。

结果:在最终的预测模型中保留了20-25个预测因子(例如,年龄、性别、骨质疏松、糖尿病、帕金森病、认知障碍、贫血、焦虑抑郁障碍的主要和次要危险因素)。最终模型对预测髋/股骨骨折的识别度高于主要骨质疏松性骨折,对预测5年骨折的识别度高于预测10年骨折的识别度(髋/股骨骨折5年:C指数=0.77;主要骨质疏松性骨折5年:C指数=0.71;髋/股骨骨折10年:C指数=0.73;主要骨质疏松性骨折10年:C指数=0.68)。预测的概率与观测到的概率一致。

表1 5年以上髋/股骨骨折最终预测模型中纳入危险因素的调整风险比和95%置信区间

表2 5年以上主要骨质疏松性骨折最终预测模型中纳入危险因素的调整风险比和95%置信区间

图1 在预测5年以上髋部/股骨骨折的最终模型中,调整HR和95%CI以预测年龄,(A,B)与66岁相比的危害性。(C,D)与76岁相比的危害性。CI =置信区间;HR =风险比。

图2 在预测5年以上主要骨质疏松性骨折的最终模型中,调整了HR和95%CI以预测年龄。(A,B)与66岁相比的危害性。(C,D)与76岁相比的危害性。CI=置信区间;HR=危险比。

表3 5年以上骨折预测最终模型的预测性能

图3 最后5年预测模型的平滑校正曲线。

表4 时间验证的5年以上骨折预测最终模型

结论:在本研究中,我们在医疗管理数据库中推导出用于识别高危骨折个体的预测模型。我们的模型具有足够的预测性能,并略优于仅包括年龄和性别的简化模型,以及包括医疗管理数据中可用的FRAX预测器的模型。我们的5年模型的表现优于10年模型,并且在时间验证队列中保持稳定。因此,我们的5年模型似乎对骨质疏松症监测和医疗管理数据的研究很有希望。这些模型应该在外部队列中进行验证,并用于开发监测骨质疏松症的指标。

原文出处:

Beaudoin C,  Jean S,  Moore L,et al.Prediction of Osteoporotic Fractures in Elderly Individuals: a Derivation and Internal Validation Study Using Healthcare Administrative Data.J Bone Miner Res 2021 Sep 07

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    骨质疏松应该早预防,针对风险因素做好防护措施

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    2021-10-29 拿着枪的小啰啰

    骨质疏松症是一种全身性骨骼疾病,其特征是骨密度降低和骨结构破坏,导致骨骼强度降低,从而增加骨折的易感性。

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