Diabetes Care:高Omega-3摄入可降低2型糖尿病风险

2014-02-25 24drs Medscape Medical New

根据一项前瞻性基于人口的研究结果,摄取鱼类时的客观生物标志物、血清长链Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)值较高,与2型糖尿病长期风险较低有关。【原文下载】 东芬兰大学营养流行病学客座教授Virtanen博士等人在发表于《糖尿病护理》杂志的报告中解释,饮食因素中,来自鱼类和其他海鲜的长链omega-3 PUFA、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和十二碳六烯酸(DHA),因为对心血管疾病风险,以及对糖尿

根据一项前瞻性基于人口的研究结果,摄取鱼类时的客观生物标志物、血清长链Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)值较高,与2型糖尿病长期风险较低有关。【原文下载】

东芬兰大学营养流行病学客座教授Virtanen博士等人在发表于《糖尿病护理》杂志的报告中解释,饮食因素中,来自鱼类和其他海鲜的长链omega-3 PUFA、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和十二碳六烯酸(DHA),因为对心血管疾病风险,以及对糖尿病的炎症、肥胖、高血压和血脂异常等风险因素有益而备受关注。

但是,之前的研究结果,有关长链omega-3 PUFA对于2型糖尿病风险有利或是不利的结果大多互异。Virtanen博士指出,目前的研究与之前多数研究的差异在于,使用客观生物标志物作为血清omega-3 PUFA的测量方法,而且,之前的研究少有使用客观生物标志物,或许正可以解释他们的结果有所不同。

研究者也探讨汞对糖尿病发生率的影响,这方面的污染是否影响了长链omega PUFA的效果。他表示,尽管摄取鱼类的甲基汞曝露相对较高,在我们的研究对象中,汞曝露对于2型糖尿病风险并无影响。

研究者解释,芬兰的2型糖尿病渐增,需要更多预防方式。Virtanen博士表示,因为之前的结果不一致,我们希望厘清血清长链omega-3 PUFA和2型糖尿病的关联。

在2012年,对12篇前瞻性研究、平均随访11年、总共438000名研究对象的数据进行的统合分析(登载于Diabetes Care. 2012;35:930-938)结论指出,摄取鱼类或鱼油和糖尿病发生率并无负相关。不过,东方和西方饮食之间有差异,亚洲人的第2型糖尿风险比较低,美国研究对象较高。

Virtanen博士解释,还未充分了解为何这些研究结果有差别,但是,地域性差异可能与遗传差异相关,或者可能是由于鱼类的食用或制备方法有差异。

在他们的研究中,包括了Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD)共约2,000名42-60岁男性,这些人在1984–1989年间还没有糖尿病,研究者以血清omega-3 PUFA和他们的头发汞含量作为暴露生物标志物,至于饮食摄取,则是以4天的进食记录评估。

他们分析研究结果和2型糖尿病发生率的关联,以自我填写之问卷和葡萄糖耐受测试进行评估,研究开始后第4、11和20年进行血糖测量,并将记录链接到医院出院数据以及糖尿病药费保险数据。

Virtanen博士解释,血中omega-3 PUFA提供了优于饮食评估方式的客观暴露生物标志物,因为可以避免依赖有关饮食摄取之记忆。某些研究使用之饮食评估方式的随机误差可能会减少研究关联,因而只能解释无效发现。

平均追踪19.3年之后,422名男性(19.2%)发生糖尿病,血清长链omega-3 PUFA浓度最高(>5.33%总血清脂肪酸)之前四分之一者的2型糖尿病发生率风险,比最后四分之一者低了33%。

相对的,以4天的进食纪录评估,吃鱼或摄取EPA加DHA,则与风险无关。研究者观察指出,这最能反映出4天的进食记录无法准确评估摄取的食物,一般一周通常最多吃1-2次鱼类。

Virtanen博士的团队曾经指出,暴露于甲基汞(主要来自鱼类)增加了心血管疾病风险,也减少了血清omega-3 PUFA对于KIHD研究对象的帮助。

他指出,有关鱼类环境污染和2型糖尿病风险之关联的信息相当少,有些研究提出汞暴露和胰岛素阻抗性有关。

但是,长期汞暴露之标志物——头发汞含量——在此次研究中和糖尿病风险无关。Virtanen博士指出,而且我们也没有发现α-亚麻酸(ALA)[饮食中来自植物的必需脂肪酸]的关联。因此认为“有关减少糖尿病风险”的研究结果是针对来自鱼类的长链omega-3 PUFA。

他指出,目前有关2型糖尿病的资料很详细,因此在随访时容易发现并诊断。不过,需要对不同的研究对象进行更多研究,以更清楚了解摄取鱼类对于2型糖尿病风险的影响。

原始出处:
Virtanen JK1, Mursu J, Voutilainen S, Uusitupa M, Tuomainen TP.Serum omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in men: the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor study.Diabetes Care. 2014 Jan;37(1):189-96. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1504. Epub 2013 Sep 11.【原文下载】

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    2015-02-06 智智灵药
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    2014-02-26 graceyu98

    我很喜欢,正好我做代谢综合征的内容,需要讨论PUFA,可以增加文章的佐证,但是问题是还有一类PUFA(omega-6)倒是没有人讨论,不知道什么结果。

    0

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