Injury:解剖复位和正确摆放钢板位置能够降低拇长屈肌腱断裂

2015-01-04 taoqijie 丁香园

桡骨远端骨折掌侧钢板固定在临床手术中很常见,并发症有腱鞘炎,伸肌腱和屈肌腱断裂等。其中拇长屈肌腱损伤最为普遍,约占3-12%,而且患者会在术后相当长的时间内出现疼痛或者功能缺失。 通常认为拇长屈肌腱并发症的发生是由于肌腱与不充分的骨折复位,钢板植入位置不佳,内固定失败或突出的内固定物摩擦引起。 来自皇家利物浦大学医院的Selvan等人通过回顾性研究了众多术后发生拇长屈肌腱断裂的影像

桡骨远端骨折掌侧钢板固定在临床手术中很常见,并发症有腱鞘炎,伸肌腱和屈肌腱断裂等。其中拇长屈肌腱损伤最为普遍,约占3-12%,而且患者会在术后相当长的时间内出现疼痛或者功能缺失。

通常认为拇长屈肌腱并发症的发生是由于肌腱与不充分的骨折复位,钢板植入位置不佳,内固定失败或突出的内固定物摩擦引起。

来自皇家利物浦大学医院的Selvan等人通过回顾性研究了众多术后发生拇长屈肌腱断裂的影像片,发现均存在次优的骨折复位和不良的钢板位置。介于此,提出通过分析术后影像中骨折复位的情况和钢板位置,可以用来判断有无拇长屈肌腱的损伤。文章最近发表在Injury杂志上。

研究选入了骨折复位钢板固定后11例拇长屈肌腱断裂和22例未断裂的影像学资料,由5位独立人对变量参数进行评估。对照组患者根据年龄、性别、内固定物和肌腱断裂组予以匹配。采用逻辑回归分析进行评估变量。

5位独立观察员(骨科高级实习生)对治疗组和对照组的术后影像(正位片和侧位片)进行回顾,予以盲测。并对X片上的众多参数进行测量。(图1)QQ截图20141223225801.jpg

线条:

1.红线:桡骨纵轴线; 2.黄线:钢板纵轴线 ; 3.蓝线:钢板远端 ;4.绿线:关节线 ; 5.粉线:辅助测量尺骨变异/桡骨高度 ;6.白线:以钢板远端桡、尺侧为切迹分别作与红线平行的直线。

测量方法(评估复位):

1.掌倾角 ;2.尺偏角; 3.桡骨高度(桡骨茎突与桡骨远端关节面的距离); 4.尺骨变异

评估钢板位置:

1.钢板摆放角度:红线与黄线的夹角

2.钢板与关节面的距离:蓝线与绿线的距离

3.平移值:做两条白线与红线的垂线,在该垂线上再做中垂线,予以比较跟红线的差异

骨折复位后测量掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度和尺骨变异。在正位片上,通过对钢板摆放角度(红线与黄线的夹角)、钢板远端与关节的距离(蓝线与绿线的距离)和平移值(先做两白线间与红线的垂线,再做该垂线上的中垂线,随后跟红线的进行比较差异)的分析来测量钢板摆放位置。侧位片上,对钢板位置和突出的内植物进行标记和测量。

结果显示:组内观察发现尺骨变异评估为良好,其他优异。这项结果说明该测试的可行性(Table 1).1.jpg

尺偏角和冠状位片上钢板与关节的距离具有统计学意义,而且钢板摆放角度有临界意义。(Table 2).2.jpg

为了量化关联程度,作者进行单变量回归分析。(Table 3).3.jpg

如果尺偏角<25°,会增加拇长屈肌腱断裂的风险。在尺偏角<25°时,每改变1°引起拇长屈肌腱断裂的比值为0.74(95% CI 0.57–0.95)。上述建议如果骨折复位后尺偏角接近正常值,那么拇长屈肌腱断裂的风险就会降低。(图2)另外在侧位片上,作者没有发现钢板或任何其他金属的突出物。

图2.jpg

钢板远端距离腕关节的长度也非常重要。钢板远端距离桡骨掌侧缘的长度每改变1mm,拇长屈肌腱断裂的比值为0.50。在临床结果中,钢板远端越接近关节,肌腱断裂的可能性越高。(图3)图3.jpg

作者讨论后认为术后影像资料在预测肌腱断裂上有一定的意义,但不是所有变量均可行。术中良好的解剖复位及精确的钢板位置非常重要,可以降低拇长屈肌腱并发症的发生率。基于以上的研究结果,作者提倡尺偏角恢复到正常范围,并确保钢板位置不要太偏向于远端。另外还建议如果发现患者存在拇长屈肌腱激惹的症状,考虑在骨折愈合后取出钢板,以防止肌腱断裂。

原始出处:

Selvan DR1, Perry D2, Machin DG2, Brown DJ2.The role of post-operative radiographs in predicting risk of flexor pollicis longus tendon rupture after volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures - A case control study.Injury. 2014 Dec;45(12):1885-8. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.05.035. Epub 2014 Jun 5.

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    2015-01-24 xuqianhua
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    2015-04-12 x35042875

    患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施

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    2015-02-19 orthoW

    ?学习了

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    2015-01-06 丁鹏鹏