Brain:TSPO PET有助于监测及鉴别进行性多灶性脑白质病

2021-11-03 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

TSPO PET成像可以揭示纳他珠单抗相关PML的中枢神经系统炎症。TSPO PET可能有助于纵向监测疾病活动,并有助于区分复发性多发性硬化活动和PML进展。

进行性多灶性脑白质病(PML)是一种由多瘤病毒JC引起的严重中枢神经系统感染,可发生于接受纳他珠单抗治疗的多发性硬化患者。纳他珠单抗相关PML患者的临床管理具有挑战性,主要是因为目前用于PML病变早期检测、纵向监测和鉴别诊断的影像学工具有限。

Christoph Mahler等在Brain杂志发表研究文章,评估了转运蛋白(TSPO) PET成像是否可以用于监测PML病变随时间变化的炎症活动,并将其与多发性硬化病区分开来。

这项单中心研究随访了8例纳他珠单抗相关PML患者,并使用TSPO放射配体18F-GE-180联合3T MRI进行PET成像。此外,比较了17例独立多发性硬化症患者PML病变中TSPO PET信号与多发性硬化症病变的信号模式。评估了假定PML和多发性硬化症病变区域的标准摄取值比率以及TSPO摄取的形态测量,并将其与未受放射学影响的大脑伪参照区进行了比较。

此外, 通过测定4例早期纳他利珠单抗相关PML患者、5例其他形式PML患者和6例炎性脱髓鞘CNS病变患者脑切片中TSPO表达细胞的密度和细胞特性,对TSPO原位表达进行免疫组化验证。

组织学分析显示,PML病变中表达TSPO的吞噬细胞呈网状聚集,而这种吞噬细胞在假定的多发性硬化病变中分布更为均匀。TSPO PET成像显示,纳他珠单抗相关PML病变从早期到慢性期(PML诊断后52个月)的示踪剂摄取增强。当MRI上的钆增强迅速下降到基线水平时,TSPO示踪剂摄取遵循缓慢的一期衰减曲线。

TSPO PET成像显示纳他珠单抗相关PML中TSPO示踪剂摄取典型下降

基于TSPO的3D诊断矩阵考虑了TSPO信号的摄取水平以及形状和纹理,区分了96%的PML和多发性硬化病变。

应用TSPO PET鉴别PML和多发性硬化病变。

利妥昔单抗治疗复发性多发性硬化症活动的post-IRIS-PML的效果。

事实上,在3例患者中,在纳他珠单抗相关PML治疗后,用利妥昔单抗治疗并没有影响指定的PML病灶中示踪剂的摄取,但在指定的活动期多发性硬化症病灶中使示踪剂摄取恢复到基线水平。

综上所述,该研究表明,TSPO PET成像可以揭示纳他珠单抗相关PML的中枢神经系统炎症。TSPO PET可能有助于纵向监测疾病活动,并有助于区分复发性多发性硬化活动和PML进展。

原文出处

TSPO PET imaging of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Brain, Volume 144, Issue 9, September 2021, Pages 2683–2695, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab127

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