J Clin Invest:干细胞移植修复脊髓损伤或不是梦

2017-08-30 贾朝娟 环球医学

加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校医学院和圣地亚哥退伍军人管理局医疗中心的研究人员报告说,人类神经干细胞(NSCs)移植到脊髓损伤的实验鼠一年半后,表现出持续的增长和成熟,移植一年后功能开始恢复。这一发现发表在九月刊《Journal of Clinical Investigation》上。

加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校医学院和圣地亚哥退伍军人管理局医疗中心的研究人员报告说,人类神经干细胞(NSCs)移植到脊髓损伤的实验鼠一年半后,表现出持续的增长和成熟,移植一年后功能开始恢复。这一发现发表在九月刊《Journal of Clinical Investigation》上。

Paul Lu博士表示,尽管被放置在一个创伤性的啮齿类动物的环境,神经干细胞仍保留自然人的成熟率。这对计划进行人的临床研究非常重要。

神经干细胞分化为神经元、胶质细胞或支持细胞。研究人员Lu和同事Mark Tuszynski博士探索了其作为脊髓损伤的一种修补操作的潜能,植入来自诱导多能干细胞的NSCs给脊髓损伤动物模型以修复损伤。此前公布的动物研究中,Lu和Tuszynski都已经证明NSCs能存活植入和建立新的联系,甚至开始恢复有限的生理功能,如因麻痹损伤已经失去了功能的足运动。

但仍然存在一些主要问题:NSCs的成熟率是多少?存活多长时间?大鼠的生物学的速度比人类快得多。人的妊娠期是280天,对于一只大鼠来说是21天。一个2岁或3岁的儿童的大脑的身体/大脑重量比与一只20天大的老鼠相当。在动物模型中,人类NSCs可未来能无法准确反映人类患者的功能。

Tuszynski表示,大多数NSC移植研究为短期的,从几周到几个月内测量存活时间。完整地测量人类NSCs的生长和成熟率或者从最初的移植中可能发生什么变化,这点时间完全不够。这些都是需要考虑的重要因素,不仅是干细胞生物学的基础科学,而且是利用NSCs进行脊髓损伤修复的转化人类试验的实践设计。我们需要更好地理解长期特点和时间过程,以便我们能够准确地评估结果和成功。

Lu和他的同事们使用了广泛使用的来自人胚胎干细胞的H9人类NSC。对H9 NSCs进行修饰使其表达绿色荧光蛋白并嵌入含有生长因子cocktai的纤维蛋白矩阵。该矩阵然后被移植到免疫缺陷大鼠损伤2周后的脊髓病变处,大鼠的前肢功能已经受损。对照组大鼠进行了类似的操作,但没有NSCs。

科学家们然后监测了移植物随时间推移的生长发育,原始生长后几个月紧接着出现成熟神经细胞的标志。随着移植物的老化,细胞继续显示逐渐的正常发育过程,包括自然修剪和重新分配,较少关注发育但更多关注成熟的细胞。

Lu表示,令人惊讶的是,我们发现了整个时期干细胞持续成熟的证据。很明显,这些神经干细胞虽然长期存在于一个充满挑战的环境中,但仍保留其固有的成熟程序。大鼠前肢功能的恢复支持基本的治疗思路,但重要的是,只有在神经元和胶质细胞谱系的成熟细胞标志物被表达后才会发生改善。

这项漫长的研究报告了其他发现:植入的NSCs不会从病变部位迁移,但支持性星形胶质细胞确实存在潜在的安全隐患。然而,科学家们没有观察到任何胶质细胞生长都有的副作用,如随时间变化的肿瘤的形成或前肢功能的恶化。Tuszynski表示,改良后的移植手术可以减少细胞泄漏。

Tuszynski表示,底线是未来临床试验结局的测量需关注移植后的长时间点。依赖短时间点进行主要结局的测量可能会产生误导性的负面的结果解释。我们需要考虑到神经干细胞的长期发育生物学。成功,它似乎需要时间。

原始出处:

Lu P, Ceto S, Wang Y,et.al. Prolonged human neural stem cell maturation supports recovery in injured rodent CNS. Journal of Clinical Investigation

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    2017-08-31 明天会更好!

    学习过了.谢谢分享!

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    2017-08-30 1e17414fm02(暂无匿称)

    学习

    0

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