Ann Surg:新辅助放疗VS.单纯手术治疗有或无高危因素的II/III期直肠癌的疗效

2021-05-09 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

新辅助放疗(NRT)通常用于II/III期直肠癌,以改善局部控制,同时不影响总体生存。然而,在某些患者中,仅靠高水平手术也可以达到良好的局部控制。近日,研究人员探究了有或没有高危因素的II/III期直

新辅助放疗(NRT)通常用于II/III期直肠癌,以改善局部控制,同时不影响总体生存。然而,在某些患者中,仅靠高水平手术也可以达到良好的局部控制。近日,研究人员探究了有或没有高危因素的II/III期直肠癌中新辅助放疗(NRT)的治疗效果,研究结果已发表于 Ann Surg。

根据风险分层标准和临床分期,纳入符合条件的II/III期直肠癌参与者,术前分为有(高风险)或无(低风险)高风险因素的患者,分别随机接受短程放疗(SCRT)+全直肠系膜切除术(TME)或单纯TME,分为以下4组:高危患者接受(HiR)或不接受(HiS)放射治疗,低危患者接受(LoR)或不接受(LoS)放射治疗。主要终点是局部复发。次要终点包括总生存期、无病生存期、远处复发、手术质量和安全性。

 

共有401名患者纳入最终分析。中位随访54个月,低风险患者获得了比高风险患者更低的3年累计局部复发率(2.2% vs 11.0%,P = 0.006)和累计远处复发率(12.5% vs 29.4%,P < 0.001),更高的总生存率(86.9% vs 76.5%,P = 0.002)和无病生存率(87.0% vs 67.9%,P < 0.001)。关于局部复发的3年累积发生率,LoR组和LoS组(1.2% vs 3.0%,P = 0.983)或HiR组和HiS组(12.9% vs 8.9%,P = 0.483)之间没有差异。

总之,该研究结果表明,根据风险因素对II/III期直肠癌进行分层,使之成为更精确的亚分类,可能会在存活率和局部复发控制方面产生差异。仅仅通过前期良好的手术质量,就可以在低风险患者中实现极低的局部复发累积发生率和生存率。研究的局限性在于不能证明单纯手术的非劣效性,建议根据II/III期直肠癌的临床风险分层,有针对性地使用NRT。

 

原始出处:

 

Xiangbing Deng, et al., Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy Versus Surgery Alone for Stage II/III Mid-low Rectal Cancer With or Without High-risk Factors: A Prospective Multicenter Stratified Randomized Trial. Ann Surg. 2020 Dec;272(6):1060-1069. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003649.

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    2021-12-19 juliusluan78
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    2021-05-11 xuyu
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    2021-05-10 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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