专访:柳光宇:为乳腺癌患者重塑“完整”人生

2018-03-10 许珈 澎湃新闻

在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院,上午的门诊号一直看到下午不是什么新鲜事。作为乳腺外科主任医师,柳光宇忙着看诊、忙着查房、忙着手术。用一位患者的话说,就是看着“挺心疼”。这位患者和他接触不过两个月,从门诊到手术直到现在选择化疗方案,“柳医生不喜欢拐弯抹角,有什么问题就直接问,他会站在你的立场上帮忙解决。”让重塑的乳房有“感觉”乳腺癌患者的5年总生存率在肿瘤医院已经超过90%,这要归功于医学技术的发展以及人们

在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院,上午的门诊号一直看到下午不是什么新鲜事。作为乳腺外科主任医师,柳光宇忙着看诊、忙着查房、忙着手术。用一位患者的话说,就是看着“挺心疼”。这位患者和他接触不过两个月,从门诊到手术直到现在选择化疗方案,“柳医生不喜欢拐弯抹角,有什么问题就直接问,他会站在你的立场上帮忙解决。”

让重塑的乳房有“感觉”

乳腺癌患者的5年总生存率在肿瘤医院已经超过90%,这要归功于医学技术的发展以及人们对于乳腺癌认识的提高。如今有越来越多的女性重视乳腺筛查,患者的康复、治疗误区也在不间断的科普中慢慢纠正。

当“活下来”不那么困难的时候,自然而然会在意如何更好地“活着”。柳光宇回忆,相比十年前,越来越多的乳腺癌患者选择保乳手术,做完切除手术后需要乳房重建的患者也越来越多。

25年前,乳腺癌患者的治疗方式单一、局限,所有策略的制定都依靠于习惯和经验;而如今,我们拥有了更便捷、有效的诊断方法,通过保留乳房手术、腋窝前哨淋巴结活检手术等治疗手段,以同样的治疗效果,提升患者的生活质量。

曾经,不少女性患者在做完手术后,会选择“水袋”作为临时用“乳房”,反正塞进衣服里也看不到,能有个形状就行。后来,有越来越多女性选择在乳腺癌手术后接受乳房重建手术,她们希望自己的身体能保持完整性。

如今的发展则是不仅要保持乳房的形态,最好还能保留感觉。柳光宇介绍,美国现在就在研究如何让重塑的乳房有“感觉”,这在重塑乳房形态的同时,还要重建神经等,是非常复杂的。虽然困难,但这就是未来的趋势。

“一个活的器官,不是只有形状,还得有感觉,有功能。”柳光宇表示,有这种趋势,自然是因为有这种需求。实际上,5年生存率这个指标在乳腺癌领域已经“不够看”。手术后10年、20年没有复发,精神奕奕的患者不少。也是因为这个现状,大家开始关注乳腺癌患者的长期管理

从身体“完整”到心理“完整”

身体上的“完整”以如今的技术,基本已经可以满足,但心理上是否真的准备好再一次融入社会,进入家庭?这是乳腺癌患者术后的困惑和焦虑。

“鼓励患者抱团取暖,要相信榜样的力量。”柳光宇告诉澎湃新闻(www.thepaper.cn),门诊中有一些年轻患者。她们有的还没结婚,有的结婚了还没生育,有的孩子刚出生没多久。对于年轻女性,术后如何回归家庭、回归工作困扰着她们。

没结婚的患者担心自己再也找不到另一半,已经结婚的害怕性生活或者担心自己无法生育。“我经常会把一些术后生完宝宝的患者故事告诉她们,也会给她们看宝宝的照片。”柳光宇认为,这就是“榜样”的积极作用。这些“事实”,足以粉碎那些子虚乌有的网络谣言。

当然,并非所有术后患者都能生育。但不能生育,不代表生活就终结了。“我也经常和患者讲姚贝娜的故事。”柳光宇感叹,她是一个名人,临走时捐出了眼角膜。她以这种方式,活在了大家的心里,这也是一种“活着的意义”。

作为一名外科医生,柳光宇总时不时要做点“外行事”。除了给大家讲榜样的故事,他也会直截了当地同一些中晚期患者谈生死,有时还会与患者聊佛学、“老庄”甚至《周易》。在他看来,一百个患者有一百个样子,沟通的方法也要尝试改变。

门诊中,有些患者特别焦虑。手术后,患者都需要随访。进入康复期之后,其实半年随访一次就行,可焦虑型的患者恨不得每个月都来一次。即便柳光宇每次都告诉她,半年随访一次就行,她也会准时三个月报道一次。面对这样的患者,就需要减轻她们的焦虑,和她们说半年来一次就行,一方面是随访的确不需要太频繁,另一方面也是为了让她们“安心”——医生建议半年来一次,说明问题不大。

相反,有些患者就显得“心太大”。定好时间的随访,常常见不着人。有时候还需要“连环call”,抓着她们来检查。这种类型的患者在柳光宇的门诊中也有,“我就算和她们说每三月都要来,很可能几年也见不着人影。”

谈起自己的患者,柳光宇有说不完的故事。归根结底,还是要调整心态。他希望患者自己能有信心,也希望社会能给予更多的支持。这种支持不应只停留在表面,而是应该从理念上有所改变。平等对待,说起来容易,做起来却很难。要知道,过度的“照顾”,其实也是一种“歧视”。

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    2018-03-14 大爰

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    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1703292, encodeId=e1e01e0329238, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dba720e31b7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专访#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20731, encryptionId=dba720e31b7, topicName=专访)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=070a30497323, createdName=flyingeagle87, createdTime=Tue Feb 12 23:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296083, encodeId=ac8f296083f7, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Wed Mar 14 07:36:14 CST 2018, time=2018-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1571111, encodeId=6a3715e111181, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f42823e48d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乳腺癌患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23748, encryptionId=f42823e48d7, topicName=乳腺癌患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=37bc15724202, createdName=hanhaisha2013, createdTime=Mon Mar 12 13:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=294999, encodeId=6b4629499938, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Sun Mar 11 00:11:19 CST 2018, time=2018-03-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=294977, encodeId=9f262949e7cc, content=在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院.上午的门诊号一直看到下午不是什么新鲜事.作为乳腺外科主任医师.柳光宇忙着看诊.忙着查房.忙着手术.用一位患者的话说.就是看着[挺心疼".这位患者和他接触不过两个月.从门诊到手术直到现在选择化疗方案.[柳医生不喜欢拐弯抹角.有什么问题就直接问.他会站在你的立场上帮忙解决.", beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Sat Mar 10 23:17:43 CST 2018, time=2018-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=294963, encodeId=b33d29496353, content=学习.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Sat Mar 10 22:50:32 CST 2018, time=2018-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-11 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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    2018-03-10 有备才能无患

    在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院.上午的门诊号一直看到下午不是什么新鲜事.作为乳腺外科主任医师.柳光宇忙着看诊.忙着查房.忙着手术.用一位患者的话说.就是看着[挺心疼".这位患者和他接触不过两个月.从门诊到手术直到现在选择化疗方案.[柳医生不喜欢拐弯抹角.有什么问题就直接问.他会站在你的立场上帮忙解决."

    0

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    2018-03-10 惠映实验室

    学习.谢谢分享.

    0

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