ESC 2022:沙库巴曲/缬沙坦对HFmrEF和HFpEF患者认知功能无影响(PERSPECTIVE研究)

2022-08-28 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

根据在今天ESC 2022-Hot Line专场上提出的最新研究,与缬沙坦相比,沙库巴曲/缬沙坦在射血分数轻度降低或保留的心力衰竭患者中不会改变认知功能。

根据在今天ESC 2022-Hot Line专场上提出的最新研究,与缬沙坦相比,沙库巴曲/缬沙坦在射血分数轻度降低或保留的心力衰竭患者中不会改变认知功能。

据估计,30-80%的心力衰竭患者存在一定程度的认知障碍。与一般人群相比,心力衰竭患者发生痴呆的风险增加。沙库巴曲/缬沙坦结合了neprilysin抑制剂沙库巴曲和血管紧张素受体阻滞剂缬沙坦。Neprilysin是一种参与降解阿尔茨海默病性痴呆相关β-淀粉样蛋白肽的酶类,在持续抑制neprilysin时,其在大脑中的积累可能导致或加重认知障碍。当美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准沙库巴曲/缬沙坦上市时,它与其他卫生当局要求进行一项随机试验,评估其与缬沙坦相比对认知功能的影响,通过综合神经认知测试和正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET)评估慢性心力衰竭患者的影像学表现。

PERSPECTIVE试验是一项前瞻性、随机、双盲、对照试验,以评估与缬沙坦相比,长期使用沙库巴曲/缬沙坦对射血分数轻度降低和保留的心力衰竭(HFmrEF和HFpEF)患者认知功能影响。该试验筛查了来自20个国家137个中心的1200例患者,最终研究纳入592例患者(2017年1月至2019年5月)。这些患者年龄≥60岁,左室射血分数>40%,患有慢性症状性心力衰竭,在过去12个月内因心力衰竭住院,和/或NT-proBNP>200 pg/mL。

 

 

图1 试验设计

共有来自20个国家137个中心592例患者被1:1随机分为沙库巴曲/缬沙坦(目标剂量97/103 mg,每日2次)或缬沙坦(目标剂量160 mg,每日2次)治疗。参与者平均年龄72.4岁,46.8%为女性。

主要终点为患者从基线至3年随访的认知功能变化。通过验证和广泛使用的CogState全球认知综合评分(GCCS)评估认知功能。其中包括评估注意力,情景记忆和执行功能等七项任务。次要终点包括从基线至3年随访的脑内β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、个体认知领域(包括记忆、执行功能和注意力)以及工具性日常生活活动能力(IADL,通过功能性活动问卷[FAQ]进行评估)变化。

与使用缬沙坦的患者相比,使用沙库巴曲/缬沙坦治疗的患者从基线至3年随访的GCCS变化没有差异。GCCS的最小二乘均值变化差异为-0.0180(95%CI:-0.1230-0.0870;p=0.74)。Cohen′s d效应量为-0.0277(95%CI:-0.1101-0.0778),表明非劣性。

 

 

图2 主要结果

次要结果是在491名患者中使用PET测量的脑中β淀粉样蛋白沉积从基线到三年的变化。标准化摄取值的最小二乘平均变化为-0.0292(95%CI-0.0593至0.0010;P=0.058),表明与缬沙坦相比,使用沙库巴曲/缬沙坦治疗的患者脑中β淀粉样蛋白沉积较少。

另外,与缬沙坦相比,沙库巴曲/缬沙坦耐受性良好,死亡率(28[9.5%] vs. 39[13.1%])和导致治疗终止的不良事件率(47[16.0%] vs. 61[20.5%])较低。

 

图3 次要结果
综上所述,在HFmrEF/HFpEF患者中,与缬沙坦相比,沙库巴曲/缬沙坦不会影响认知功能,且耐受性良好。另外,与缬沙坦相比,脑内β-淀粉样蛋白沉积在使用沙库巴曲/缬沙坦治疗的患者中较少。

John McMurray教授认为,没有证据表明,在HFmrEF和HFpEF患者中,因β-淀粉样蛋白在脑内聚积,NEP抑制剂会增加发生认知障碍的风险。关于沙库巴曲/缬沙坦增加脑内β-淀粉样蛋白沉积的担忧始终是假设,大脑中存在多种酶和其他β-淀粉样蛋白清除途径,可能会补偿与NEP抑制剂相关的清除减少。PET扫描淀粉样蛋白沉积减少的趋势令人惊讶,但可能只是偶然结果。没有任何对认知功能的负面影响,这对于消除一些医生对长期使用沙库巴曲/缬沙坦治疗的担忧非常重要。图片

该研究作者,英国格拉斯哥大学的John McMurray教授说:“没有证据表明,在HFmrEF和HFpEF患者中,由于大脑中β淀粉样蛋白的沉积,neprilysin抑制剂会增加认知障碍的风险。对沙库巴曲/缬沙坦增加脑部β淀粉样蛋白沉积的担忧始终是假设的,大脑中存在多种酶和其他β淀粉样蛋白清除途径,可能会中和与neprilysin抑制剂相关的清除减少。PET扫描中淀粉样蛋白沉积减少的趋势令人惊讶,可能只是偶然结果。对认知功能没有任何负面影响对于消除一些医生对长期使用沙库巴曲/缬沙坦治疗的担忧非常重要。

参考资料:

https://www.escardio.org/The-ESC/Press-Office/Press-releases/Neprilysin-inhibition-does-not-affect-cognitive-function-in-patients-with-heart-failure

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    2023-01-24 freve
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    2023-01-13 feather89
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    2022-10-07 anminleiryan
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    2022-08-29 bettycmoon
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