Stroke:2012AHA口服抗凝药治疗非瓣膜性房颤卒中建议

2012-08-06 邓涛 :医学论坛网

        2012年8月2日,《卒中》(Stroke)杂志在线发表了美国心脏学会(AHA)/美国卒中学会(ASA)有关口服抗栓药预防非瓣膜性房颤卒中的科学建议。该科学建议针对新型口服抗凝药作出了13项新推荐,并指出,达比加群、利伐沙班、阿哌沙班的临床应用仍有相关的未解决问题,这些药物之间并没有直接对比的数据,而都是与华法林作比较。临

 
       2012年8月2日,《卒中》(Stroke)杂志在线发表了美国心脏学会(AHA)/美国卒中学会(ASA)有关口服抗栓药预防非瓣膜性房颤卒中的科学建议。该科学建议针对新型口服抗凝药作出了13项新推荐,并指出,达比加群、利伐沙班、阿哌沙班的临床应用仍有相关的未解决问题,这些药物之间并没有直接对比的数据,而都是与华法林作比较。临床研究的随访时间仍有限,与长期、真实世界的依从性相关的因素未知。

 
  13项最新推荐如下:

  1、华法林(Ⅰ级推荐,证据水平:A)、达比加群(Ⅰ,B)、阿哌沙班(Ⅰ,B)和利伐沙班(Ⅱa,B)都可用于预防非瓣膜性房颤患者首发和再发卒中。抗栓药物的选择应根据危险因素、费用、耐受性、患者的选择、潜在的药物相互作用,以及其他临床特征包括服用华法林的患者国际标准化比值(INR)范围内的时间等,而进行个体化选择。

  2、在有至少1种额外危险因素且肌酐清除率(CrCl)>30 ml/min的非瓣膜性房颤患者中,达比加群150 mg,每日2次预防首发和再发卒中是有效的华法林替代选择(Ⅰ,B)。

  3、根据药动学数据,伴有至少1种危险因素且CrCl低(15~30 ml/min)的房颤患者可以考虑应用达比加群75 mg,每日2次,但其安全性和疗效并未确定(Ⅱb,C)。

  4、由于尚无数据支持在伴有更严重肾衰竭患者中应用达比加群,因而达比加群不推荐用于CrCl<15 ml/min的患者(Ⅲ,C)。

  5、在不适合维生素K拮抗剂治疗、至少有1种危险因素且非以下情况:年龄≥80岁、体重≤60 kg、血清肌酐≥1.5 mg/dl的非瓣膜性房颤患者中,阿哌沙班5 mg,每日2次是阿司匹林的有效替代药物(Ⅰ,B)。

  6、在不适合维生素K拮抗剂治疗、至少有1种危险因素且有≥2种以下情况:年龄≥80岁、体重≤60 kg、血清肌酐≥1.5 mg/dl的非瓣膜性房颤患者中,尽管安全性和疗效尚未确定,阿哌沙班2.5 mg,每日2次可考虑为阿司匹林的替代选择(Ⅱb,C)。

  7、在适合使用维生素K拮抗剂治疗、至少有1种危险因素且非以下情况:年龄≥80岁、体重≤60 kg、血清肌酐≥1.5 mg/dl的非瓣膜性房颤患者中,阿哌沙班5 mg,每日2次是一种相对安全和有效的华法林替代药物(Ⅰ,B)。

  8、在适合维生素K拮抗剂治疗、至少有1种危险因素且有≥2种以下情况:年龄≥80岁、体重≤60 kg、血清肌酐≥1.5 mg/dl的非瓣膜性房颤患者中,尽管安全性和疗效尚未确定,阿哌沙班5 mg,每日2次可以考虑为华法林替代药物(Ⅱb,C)。

  9、如果CrCl<25 ml/min,则不能使用阿哌沙班(Ⅲ,C)。

  10、在非瓣膜性房颤伴中到高危卒中危险的患者(既往短暂性脑缺血发作、卒中或全身性栓塞病史,或有≥2种危险因素)中,利伐沙班20 mg/d是华法林合理的替代选择(Ⅱa,B)。

  11、在伴中到高危卒中危险(既往短暂性脑缺血发作、卒中或全身性栓塞病史,或有≥2种危险因素)的肾损伤非瓣膜性房颤患者中,CrCl为15~50 ml/min,尽管安全性和疗效尚未确定,可以考虑使用15 mg的利伐沙班(Ⅱb,C)。

  12、利伐沙班不能用于CrCl<15 ml/min的患者(Ⅲ,C)。

  13、抗血小板药物联合使用达比加群、利伐沙班或阿哌沙班的安全性和疗效尚未确定(Ⅱb,C)。

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    2013-01-27 bshuang
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    2012-08-08 zhaohui6731
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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1819456, encodeId=4cd418194560e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d0099539fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非瓣膜性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99539, encryptionId=3d0099539fd, topicName=非瓣膜性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Wed Oct 03 02:17:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1798225, encodeId=b6631e98225f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77d768e77e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#瓣膜性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68777, encryptionId=77d768e77e2, topicName=瓣膜性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cdcd18, createdName=bshuang, createdTime=Sun Jan 27 06:17:00 CST 2013, time=2013-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1635300, encodeId=7a291635300b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e23f995430c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非瓣膜性房颤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99543, encryptionId=e23f995430c, topicName=非瓣膜性房颤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e8ff22444815, createdName=12498710m18暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jan 27 12:17:00 CST 2013, time=2013-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1267138, encodeId=7279126e13844, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=922f21183d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2118, encryptionId=922f21183d, topicName=AHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bf3d82, createdName=zhaohui6731, createdTime=Wed Aug 08 01:17:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1377344, encodeId=d3c113e73449f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3098382134a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#口服抗凝药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38213, encryptionId=3098382134a, topicName=口服抗凝药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49ef408, createdName=hunizi005, createdTime=Wed Aug 08 01:17:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1583422, encodeId=db3415834228f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=508d68e698c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#瓣膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68769, encryptionId=508d68e698c, topicName=瓣膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=58dc16986228, createdName=12498e5fm17(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Aug 08 01:17:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]