急性缺血性卒中患者的介入治疗围术期管理

2017-12-02 穆欢 神经精神界

急性期治疗对脑卒中患者的预后极为重要。患者发病4.5小时内采用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓是治疗急性缺血性卒中的首选方法。

急性期治疗对脑卒中患者的预后极为重要。患者发病4.5小时内采用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓是治疗急性缺血性卒中的首选方法。但是,因为其存在时间窗的问题,以及对大血管闭塞性卒中患者疗效的有限性,使得血管介入技术在近20年来发展迅速。近日,小编采访了浙江大学附属第一医院潘剑威教授,请他结合自己的临床经验,就急性缺血性卒中患者的介入治疗围术期管理的几个要点进行了分享。

Q1:急性缺血性卒中患者在接受血管内介入治疗后的常见并发症有哪些?应如何识别?

潘剑威教授:急性缺血性卒中患者在接受血管内介入治疗后,主要的问题就是预防并发症的发生。首先,患者的血管再通后可能重新出现血管闭塞;再者,随着血流的恢复,可能发生再灌注损伤或出现过度灌注,从而导致患者出现出血性转化,继发脑出血。当然,过度灌注不一定会表现为出血,也可能是水肿。急性缺血性卒中患者在接受血管内介入治疗后的围手术期管理,主要就是做好对以上几种并发症发生的预防和处理。

如何识别这些并发症呢?对于出血性或水肿性的并发症,一方面应根据患者的一般情况来诊断,包括患者的临床表现、症状和体征。此外,我们一般还会在患者术后立即给予一次CT检查,以确认是否存在出血等情况。

Q2:如何做好急性缺血性卒中患者介入治疗的围术期管理?除并发症外,还有哪些因素与患者的预后可能相关?

潘剑威教授:一般来说,可给予患者双联抗血小板治疗药物(如阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷),治疗目的主要是防止血管再闭塞。有些情况下,我们会加用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂-替罗非班,并给予他汀类药物,来稳定血管内皮,减少再次闭塞的发生。如果患者发生水肿,可通过使用甘露醇等脱水性药物来减轻反应。对于出血性转化的情况,做好血压管理是重点。一般情况下,我们都会对患者的血压进行控制,如果患者在术前出现明显的高血压,需要将患者的血压在先前基础值的基础上下降20%~30%。同时应警惕血压不能降得太低,至少不能低于90/60 mmHg,否则可能会引发低灌注。

除并发症外,与患者预后相关的因素还有很多。这些因素包括,患者血管发生闭塞至入院诊疗的时间、至开通血管的时间,血管开通之后前向血流的情况等。我们通常采用脑梗死溶栓试验改良分级(mTICI)来评估前向血流。如果前向血流没有恢复,那么患者的预后可能就非常差。如果患者mTICI分级为2B或3期,那么患者的前向血流就基本恢复,预后就较好。

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    2017-12-06 半夏微凉

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-12-03 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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