Elife:袭荣文实验室发现干细胞-子细胞扩增环路介导了再生和肿瘤发生

2017-04-25 佚名 北京生命科学研究所

组织的再生能力与肿瘤的发生有密切的相关性,但其中的机制一直不能被解释。研究人员通过对果蝇肠上皮不同类型的细胞表达谱的比较,发现了一个在未分化细胞中特异表达的转录因子Sox21a. 用制备的抗体染色发现Sox21a 在将要分化的细胞中的表达有个明显的上调。通过CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术,研究人员得到了Sox21a基因敲除果蝇,并惊奇地发现突变的果蝇在出生1-2周后即产生大量肠道肿瘤。进一步

组织的再生能力与肿瘤的发生有密切的相关性,但其中的机制一直不能被解释。研究人员通过对果蝇肠上皮不同类型的细胞表达谱的比较,发现了一个在未分化细胞中特异表达的转录因子Sox21a. 用制备的抗体染色发现Sox21a 在将要分化的细胞中的表达有个明显的上调。通过CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术,研究人员得到了Sox21a基因敲除果蝇,并惊奇地发现突变的果蝇在出生1-2周后即产生大量肠道肿瘤。进一步的机制研究发现Sox21a 对细胞的分化是必须的,它的突变使干细胞的子细胞一直处于未分化状态;另外,Sox21a的突变使未分化细胞分泌大量细胞促分裂因子,使其附近的干细胞增殖并继续产生未分化细胞。这样便形成了一个由干细胞-子细胞组成的正向反馈通路,或称干细胞-子细胞扩增环路,使未分化细胞不断产生和积累,最终导致了肿瘤的发生。

更有趣的是,研究人员发现Sox21a 在正常的肠上皮中呈现表达的多变性。在肠上皮受损时,Sox21a 会在未分化细胞中临时下调以激活干细胞-子细胞扩增环路,从而快速产生大量未分化细胞,为上皮的重建做准备。当损伤刺激停止后,Sox21a 在未分化细胞中的表达迅速上调,从而促进了它们的分化、上皮的再生和组织的修复。因此这项工作不但发现了一个崭新的促进再生和肿瘤发生的机制,而且对再生和肿瘤的关系提供了一个分子机制的解释:暂时性干细胞-子细胞扩增环路的激活会促进组织再生,而持续性的激活会导致肿瘤的发生。研究人员推测这个新发现的促进再生和肿瘤的机制在人和高等动物中可能也是存在的,因此有必要研究它是不是导致人类癌症的常见机制。

北生所与北京协和医学院联合培养的博士生陈君为本论文第一作者;其他作者还有袭荣文实验室的徐娜博士,核酸测序中心的黄焕伟、蔡涛博士。袭荣文博士为本论文通讯作者。此项研究由科技部973、国家自然科学基金委员会及北京市政府资助,在北京生命科学研究所完成。

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    2018-03-19 膀胱癌
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    2017-07-04 clmlylxy
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    2017-06-06 lofter

    学习了,感谢分享!

    0

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    2017-05-03 franksmmu

    不明觉厉

    0

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    2017-04-25 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

    0

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