J CLIN ONCOL:吉非替尼在EGFR拷贝数增益的食管癌患者中疗效显著

2017-06-15 叶枫红 CPhI制药在线

食管癌吉非替尼(COG)试验是专门针对化疗耐药性食管癌二线治疗的唯一一个III期随机试验,包括食管腺癌和食管鳞癌。在COG试验中,450名患者被随机分配到吉非替尼组合安慰剂组。吉非替尼组患者的无进展生存期(PFS)和报告结果(PROs)均得到改善,反映出少数亚组患者对吉非替尼发生快速持久的反应。食管鳞癌和食管腺癌患者对吉非替尼的受益率相等。

全世界每年大约有455000人诊断为食管癌。在北美,北欧和西欧以及大洋洲地区,食管腺癌的发病率在过去四十年呈上升趋势,并且现在已经是主要的组织学亚型。食管鳞癌在全球和东南亚以及中亚地区更为常见。

食管癌的5年生存率仅19%。很多晚期患者不能得到有效治疗。用化疗做为全身治疗手段能提供姑息治疗的好处,但是,目前的治疗方案在一线治疗进展后的疗效更为有限。虽然在胃-食管交界腺癌的二线或三线治疗的III期随机临床试验中已展示了能够从阿帕替尼、伊立替康、Ramucirumab以及Ramucirumab联合紫杉醇中获益。但是至今还没有足够的证据支持对食管癌有效的二线治疗方案。

食管癌吉非替尼(COG)试验是专门针对化疗耐药性食管癌二线治疗的唯一一个III期随机试验,包括食管腺癌和食管鳞癌。在COG试验中,450名患者被随机分配到吉非替尼组合安慰剂组。吉非替尼组患者的无进展生存期(PFS)和报告结果(PROs)均得到改善,反映出少数亚组患者对吉非替尼发生快速持久的反应。食管鳞癌和食管腺癌患者对吉非替尼的受益率相等。

我们假设对吉非替尼有反应的患者亚组中,EGFR信号传导通路是重要的驱动因素。那么各种各样的EGFR信号异常是需要考虑的因素,包括EGFR拷贝数增加(CNG)。研究结果表明,染色体不稳定性是食管癌发病机制的早期常见特征,食管腺癌和鳞状细胞癌常发生体细胞拷贝数的变化。因此,我们假设EGFR信号传导是EGFR CNG食管癌患者少数亚群的关键致病驱动因子,这些患者将从吉非替尼中受益。

方法

实验设计

COG试验比较了化疗后疾病进展的食管癌患者每日500mg吉非替尼与安慰剂的疗效。参与者从英国48个中心招募而来,按 1:1的比例随机分配到吉非替尼组或匹配安慰剂组,简单随机分组,无分层因素。主要研究终点是总生存期OS,次要研究终点是PFS,疾病控制率DCR和PROs。通过FISH进行EGFR拷贝数分析,并对肿瘤进行分级。 评分为5(高发)或6(扩增)的肿瘤为EGFR高CNG拷贝,定义为EGFR FISH阳性; 评分为1~4的肿瘤为无或低CNG拷贝,定义为EGFR FISH阴性。

KRAS突变通过使用专门为密码子12,13和61设计的引物和探针进行焦磷酸测序分析,EGA,PIK3CA,BRAF V600E和突变通过Sanger测序作为第一选择进行检测。使用COBAS,EGFR,PIK3CA和BRAF V600E突变检测试剂盒分析失败的样品。 通过片段长度分析检测EGFR外显子19中的缺失。

结果

在COG研究中,450名患者中有340名(76%)可获得肿瘤标本。 总体而言,有292名患者(65%)通过FISH对EGFR CNG进行肿瘤评估,326例患者(72%)可进行EGFR,KRAS,PIK3CA和BRAF突变的评估。突变分析包括254例患者中EGFR外显子19缺失,223例患者中EGFR外显子18~21发生突变。

59例患者为EGFR FISH阳性(59/292,20.2%),38例为高度多发性(38/292,13%),11例患者(11/268,4.1%)中发现KRAS密码子12和13突变,EGFR FISH或其他突变之间临床特征无显着相关性.

EGFR基因拷贝数对疗效的影响

与接受安慰剂的患者相比,接受吉非替尼的EGFR FISH阳性患者有更高的DCR:37% (11/30,吉非替尼) VS 14% (4/29,安慰剂)。接受吉非替尼的EGFR FISH阳性患者有更长的PFS和OS,(PFS HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.95], P =0 .03 吉非替尼vs安慰剂; OS HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.35 to 1.00], P = .05 吉非替尼vs 安慰剂; 如下图2)。在EGFR FISH阳性患者中,吉非替尼组与安慰剂组在3,6,9,12个月的比例分别是69% vs 64%,38% vs 14%,27% vs 5%,13% vs 0%。在这项分析中,EGFR FISH阳性患者吉非替尼组PFS的获益率显着高于安慰剂组(HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.81; P = 0.01),但是OS不同(HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.30 to 1.06; P =0 .08)。在EGFR FISH阴性患者中,吉非替尼组与安慰剂组的PFS和OS没有明显差异,PFS (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.12; P = 0.28),OS (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.18; P =0.46)。在EGFR FISH阴性患者中,吉非替尼组与安慰剂组在3,6,9,12个月的比例分别是61% vs 46%,33% vs 29%,16% vs 22%,8% vs 14%。在多因素分析中,EGFR FISH阴性患者吉非替尼组和安慰剂组的PFS和OS没有显着差异。

在EGFR FISH阳性患者中,与安慰剂组相比,吉非替尼组所有预先指定的HRQL都有所改善,但与EGFR FISH阴性患者观察到的恶化或改善程度相反。在KRAS密码子12和13,KRAS密码子61,PIK3CA外显子9或20或BRAF V600E突变的DCR,PFS,OS或PROs中没有显着差异。

讨论

在COG试验中,化疗后进展的450例食管腺癌或鳞状细胞癌患者随机分配到吉非替尼组或安慰剂组治疗。与安慰剂组相比,吉非替尼组的DCR,PFS和PROs均有所改善。吉非替尼耐受性好,客观反应罕见,通常在开始服用吉非替尼的4周内快速发生。然而,很明显,大多数患者不能从吉非替尼中受益。因此,识别从吉非替尼中获益的患者的预测性生物标志物将能够更准确地选择患者进行治疗,并避免那些不太可能受益的患者的无效治疗。

基于COG试验的结果,我们假设有一个亚组的患者,肿瘤组织由EGFR信号传导通路驱动,因此受益于吉非替尼治疗。我们旨在确定食管癌EGFR信号通路异常的分析是否同样可预测吉非替尼的益处。EGFR FISH阳性的食管癌患者通过FISH定义为高度多发性或扩增的EGFR CNG,与安慰剂相比,用吉非替尼治疗时改善了DCR,PFS,OS和PROs。相比之下,EGFR FISH阴性患者改善了DCR,但并未转化为改良的PFS、OS或PROs。这表明,服用吉非替尼的EGFR FISH阳性肿瘤患者提高了生存期,也提高了HRQL,这在有限的预期寿命的临床治疗环境中是重要的。后期分析表明,在EGFR扩增的肿瘤患者中,吉非替尼的获益率高于多发性肿瘤。我们的研究没有具体调查这些亚组,需要进一步的研究来验证这一观察结果。然而,这一发现与其他肿瘤类型的抗EGFR和其他靶向治疗的结果一致。 总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,吉非替尼在EGFR扩增性食管癌患者中可能有较大的益处。

在以往研究中,食管癌(包括腺癌和鳞状细胞癌)没有二线治疗的试验。 这项研究中,与对照组相比,吉非替尼组EGFR FISH阳性患者的PFS和OS均得到改善。同时也提示我们,EGFR FISH 与免疫组化检测法相比,可能是一种更可靠的检测方法,这一结论尚需更多研究证实。

通过FISH技术评价EGFR拷贝数增益(CNG)可用于在食管癌患者中甄别吉非替尼可能的获益者,这些获益者可将吉非替尼作为二线治疗。同时,本研究结果表明,未来应在不同类型的EGFR FISH阳性、特别是EGFR扩增的食管癌中进行抗EGFR治疗的前瞻性临床研究。

原始出处:
Russell D. Petty.et al.Gefitinib and EGFR Gene Copy Number Aberrations in Esophageal Cancer .Journal of Clinical Oncology.

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    2018-04-26 minlingfeng
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    2017-06-27 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,值得拜读

    0

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    2017-06-23 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!!

    0

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    2017-06-17 zhouqu_8
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    2017-06-17 liuyiping
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    2017-06-15 洛城医痴

    很不错的介绍

    0

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