啥?动脉血还可以这样用!

2017-10-23 零落碾尘 检验视界网

前两天,ICU的护士打电话问检验科,一危重病人很难采血,做血常规与凝血常规可以用抽过血气的股动脉血吗?在笔者的印象中,好像只有血气标本是用动脉血的,其他标本都是用静脉血,血常规与凝血常规用动脉血会不会有差异?这个还真不知道。笔者接到电话后,无法回答ICU护士的提问,遂请教了科室里高年资的老师,他们也是众说纷纭,没有人能给出准确答案,只好下班后查资料。

前两天,ICU的护士打电话问检验科,一危重病人很难采血,做血常规与凝血常规可以用抽过血气的股动脉血吗?在笔者的印象中,好像只有血气标本是用动脉血的,其他标本都是用静脉血,血常规与凝血常规用动脉血会不会有差异?这个还真不知道。笔者接到电话后,无法回答ICU护士的提问,遂请教了科室里高年资的老师,他们也是众说纷纭,没有人能给出准确答案,只好下班后查资料。

首先说下,为什么众多检验标本都是采用静脉血呢?而不是用动脉血标本?

动脉血和静脉血的差别主要是氧气和二氧化碳浓度不同,氧气丰富的动脉血颜色鲜红,含二氧化碳多的静脉血颜色暗红,由于静脉比较浅表,易获取血液标本,动脉多位于深层,且血管壁所受压力大,破口后出血比静脉严重,所以一般都采用静脉血作检测标本。

那么,动脉血除了做血气,还可以做什么检验?

动脉血可以做血常规检验!

有人比较过动脉、静脉血常规的检测结果,选取健康志愿者40名,每人采取动脉、静脉各1份,采用全自动血球计数仪检测血常规,检测结果采用t检验分析。结果动脉和静脉血的血常规检测结果无统计学意义。[1] 用动脉血检验血常规时,血细胞参数中,除MCV的P<0.01外,其他项目的测定结果无显着性差异(P>0.05)。结论是在应急情况下动脉血标本可以代替静脉血用于血细胞参数的分析。[2]

动脉血可以做凝血常规检验!

ICU患者大多病情危重,血液检验项目多,常需同时采集动脉血查血气和静脉血查血常规等。由于疾病影响以及长期输液等因素,患者外周血管情况较差.静脉穿刺困难,增加了护士采血的难度和患者的痛苦。有研究表明.动脉血与静脉血查凝血等检验指标的差异无统计学意义。[3]

那动脉血标本能不能代替静脉血清用于生化项目的检验呢?

有人说可以用来代替电解质检测:血气分析仪得到的K、Na、Cl结果与静脉血清测得的K、Na、Cl相比较,两组结果差异无显着性(p>0.05),其误差在允许范围内.结论是用肝素锂抗凝的动脉全血(血气分析仪)测定的K、Na、Cl结果可以替代用静脉血清(罗氏生化分析仪)测定的结果,指导临床治疗。[4]

有人认为不可以代替。有实验显示,静脉血清和动脉血浆的生化指标中ALT、AST、TBA、GGT、Na、Cl、CK、CK-MB、LDH、P的测定结果无显着性差异(P>0.05);TP、Alb、ALp、CHE、TB、DB、Cr、BUN、UA、TG.Tch,HDL-C、LDL-C、Apo-A、Apo-B、K、TCa、Glu有明显差异(P<0.0l)。Na、Cl无显着性差异,K有明显差异,所以在应急情况下动脉血标本不能代替静脉血清用于生化指标的分析。[5]

查看更多资料显示这两种说法各分秋色,笔者认为这两种说法都有一定的道理,与很多同仁探讨后,个人认为结论应该是:最好不代替(特殊情况除外)。

综上所述,动脉血除了检测血气分析外,还可以做血常规、凝血常规的检测,最好不用于电解质等生化项目的检测(特殊情况除外)。

参考文献

[1] 赖志刚,刘彦慧,张丽华.动脉、静脉和末梢血血常规检测结果探讨.《中华实用医药杂志》 , 2005
[2] [5] 徐成国. 肝素抗凝动脉血用于生化及血细胞分析的可行性探讨. 《实验与检验医学》, 2006 , 24 (3) :241-242
[3] 吴芳兰,杨燕宁,吴卓媚.不同途径采血对凝血酶原时间影响的对比观察[J].护士进修杂志,2005,20(1):16-17.
[4] 邱厚兵,郭永灿. 静脉血清与动脉全血测定K、Na、Cl的结果分析. 《中外健康文摘》, 2011,08(28):230-231.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1708977, encodeId=c6651e0897735, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1502333250f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33325, encryptionId=1502333250f, topicName=动脉血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=048f31575940, createdName=ms9833124466084992, createdTime=Wed Dec 20 19:51:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255346, encodeId=7ec2255346ee, content=应该研究一下.有时候病人血管的确难找, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/21/9461f3b3c9f14e1d844256cdd08f2cf3.jpg, createdBy=a30f1426910, createdName=swfzhanggui, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 13:07:04 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255337, encodeId=a38025533e56, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 12:34:45 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255336, encodeId=2f7125533607, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/iaAVWEsIJUkA1ITy3uL0lhHUhyaJibWgFtH4KbJuaLbY2WUK33jgCFyoZ8Eqx7eE7hCuZhytc1C5GRrfjVXN8lYg/0, createdBy=fcb82149579, createdName=183****7028, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 12:28:56 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255334, encodeId=70fa2553347c, content=学习一下知识了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160718/IMG578C993D395567540.jpg, createdBy=59b81918946, createdName=flysky120, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 12:16:10 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-23 swfzhanggui

    应该研究一下.有时候病人血管的确难找

    0

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    2017-10-23 戒馋,懒,贪

    谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-10-23 183****7028

    学习

    0

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    2017-10-23 flysky120

    学习一下知识了

    0

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