Cell Host & Microbe:结核分枝杆菌如何“哄骗”机体免疫系统?

2015-06-05 佚名 生物谷

近日,一篇发表于国际杂志Cell Host & Microbe上的研究论文中,来自瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院(EPFL)的科学家通过研究揭示了结核分枝杆菌如何“欺骗”病人免疫系统来降低自身的免疫防御力;肺结核是由结核分枝杆菌引起,目前全球有超过1200万人感染该菌,当细菌感染机体时,机体免疫防御对于抵御疾病进展非常关键。 当结合分枝杆菌感染个体,其会攻击患者肺部的第一道防御免疫细胞—巨噬细

近日,一篇发表于国际杂志Cell Host & Microbe上的研究论文中,来自瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院(EPFL)的科学家通过研究揭示了结核分枝杆菌如何“欺骗”病人免疫系统来降低自身的免疫防御力;肺结核是由结核分枝杆菌引起,目前全球有超过1200万人感染该菌,当细菌感染机体时,机体免疫防御对于抵御疾病进展非常关键。

当结合分枝杆菌感染个体,其会攻击患者肺部的第一道防御免疫细胞—巨噬细胞,而由巨噬细胞带来的免疫防御机制主要涉及一种由四种不同蛋白组成的复合物—炎症小体(Inflammasome),炎性小体的主要作用就是准备特定的免疫蛋白,即白细胞介素类;一旦结核分枝杆菌感染肺部,由巨噬细胞释放的白细胞介素类就会成为机体的第一道防线。

如果第一道防线未能有效控制细菌感染,这种防御机制就会引发病人机体的严重损伤,为了抑制损伤的发生巨噬细胞就会释放另一种名为I类干扰素的蛋白,干扰素对于机体抵御病毒感染非常重要,当其遇到结核分枝杆菌时实际上就会帮助该菌加速疾病的发生,尽管免疫反应中白介素—炎性部分已经被理解地非常清楚,但干扰素涉及的相关机制却并不清楚。

于是本文中,研究者通过研究发现了结核分枝杆菌如何对机体免疫防御进行精确地攻击,其中起到关键作用的就是名为cGAS的分子,该分子是在肺部巨噬细胞中发现的,其是DNA效应分子的一部分,简言之cGAS分子可以巡视巨噬细胞内部,而且当其检测到未被识别的DNA片段时,比如释放的结核分枝杆菌,其就会刺激巨噬细胞诱发免疫反应。

本文研究首次发现cGAS是结核分枝杆菌DNA的感受器,而该研究同时也适用于鉴定感染机体细胞的其它细菌;实际上结核分枝杆菌引发的复杂性疾病远比我们想象中严重,而且后期研究人员还需要进行更多的研究来鉴别出结核分枝杆菌诱骗巨噬细胞的特殊DNA片段,对于开发新型疗法来治疗结核病将非常重要。

原始出处:

Ruth Wassermann, Muhammet F. Gulen, Claudia Sala, Sonia Garcia Perin1, Ye Lou, Jan Rybniker, Jonathan L. Schmid-Burgk, Tobias Schmidt, Veit Hornung, Stewart T. Cole, Andrea Ablasser. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Differentially Activates cGAS- and Inflammasome-Dependent Intracellular Immune Responses through ESX-1.Cell Host & Microbe, June 2, 2015.doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.05.003

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    2016-02-09 xjy02
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    2016-03-19 维他命
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