Lancet：全球超重和肥胖的流行病学研究（33年结果）

一项时间跨度长达三十多年的全球肥胖调查研究显示，目前各国的肥胖人群数量都在增加，而且更为令人警示的是，这三十多年来还没有哪个国家成功抑制住了这种发展势头。

时间超过30年，空间跨度188个国家的一项研究表明，全球肥胖或超重人群已经达到了21亿人，这差不多相对于30％的地球人口了，这一调查研究结果公布在Lancet杂志上。

“超重和肥胖人群目前在世界各处都不断增多中，这毫无疑问已经成为了21世纪的主要健康问题，”肥胖研究欧洲联盟主席，格拉茨大学Hermann Toplak教授在本周的欧洲肥胖大会上表示。对于造成这种情况的原因，Toplak将矛头指向发达国家导致运动减少的科技进步，以及不健康的食物。

“这些科技发展的结果造成了今天许多孩子，甚至成年人，不再能锻炼出充足的肌肉力量，丧失了‘经典饮食’文化，取而代之的是不受控制的吃零食，还有整天不停的吃东西。”

相关阅读：Hepatology：频繁吃零食可导致脂肪肝

          忍不住吃，是一种依赖？

在美国，尽管人口数量不到地球上总人口的5％，但是却有占据全球13％的肥胖人群。不过肥胖者也并不都出自富有国家，“三分之二的肥胖人口实际居住 地是在发展中国家，”文章作者之一，华盛顿大学医学院健康指标和评估研究院健康教授Marie Ng表示。比如说，在中东和北非，有超过58％的男性和65％的女性超重或肥胖。

这项研究发现，三十年来，全世界肥胖或超重的上升比例分别为近30％（成年人）和近50％（儿童），超重和肥胖人群的总人数从1980年的8.57亿人，增加到了2013年的21亿人。

其中女性肥胖者增加比例最高的地区是埃及，沙特阿拉伯，阿曼，洪都拉斯和巴林，而在男性肥胖人数涨幅最多的地区是新西兰，巴林，科威特，沙特阿拉伯和美国。

据世界卫生组织报道，每年由于超重产生的并发症夺取了约340万人的生命，“我们必须提醒自己，肥胖真的不是一个表面问题，它已经成为了造成发病率和死亡率的一个主要危险因素，”文章的另外一位作者，华盛顿大学医学院健康指标和评估研究院Ali Mokdad表示。

相关阅读：PLoS Med：超级肥胖 后果极严重

近期还有一项研究指出，也发表在Lancet上，母亲在怀孕前或怀孕早期超重或肥胖，会增加流产、死产以及婴儿死亡的风险，其中怀孕过程中严重肥胖的妇女面临的风险最高。另外，还有对全球结核，HIV流行病的研究，也发表在Lancet上。

研究人员发现，即便母亲BMI指数只有轻微增加，也会增加流产、死产及婴儿死亡的风险，其中在严重肥胖的妇女中观察到最大的风险。BMI指数为40的妇女比BMI指数为20的妇女此类风险高出2到3倍。

不过，研究人员同时指出，肥胖所带来的流产、死产及婴儿死亡的绝对风险仍相对较小。比如，BMI指数为20的妇女死胎风险为0.76％，肥胖妇女为 1％，而BMI指数为40的妇女达2.7％。这项研究成果发表在15日的《美国医学会杂志》上。研究人员在论文中写道，流产、死产以及婴儿死亡风险可能与 超重或肥胖所导致的先兆子痫、妊娠糖尿病、Ⅱ型糖尿病、妊娠高血压和先天畸形有关

原始出处：

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