张煜再次炮轰陆巍「五药联合」完全错误!超说明书用药风险几何?

2021-09-03 梅斯医学 MedSci原创

超说明书用药相对仍具有较高风险,十分考验临床医生的专业水平。在法律保护下,严格遵守用药原则,充分进行医患沟通,严密进行病情监测是使“超说明书用药”长久焕发活力的最终保证。

近日,“肿瘤治疗黑幕”事件又有新进展,张煜医生在其社交媒体再次针对陆巍言论作出回应,认为其治疗方案中的“五药联合方案”超说明书、超指南用药,完全错误,对卫健委专家团做出的“基本符合规范”结论表示难以认同。

不得不说,医生在临床实践中的确常常涉及“超说明书用药”,它们究竟是否符合规范、受法律保护,究竟如何界定呢?

什么是“超说明书用药”?

超说明书用药又称“药品说明书外用法”,“药品未注册用法”,是指药品使用的适应证,剂量,疗程,途径或人群等未在药品监督管理部门批准的药品说明书记载范围内的用法

1。在包括精神病学、儿科、肿瘤学在内的在许多临床领域,药品超说明书使用的现象十分常见

2。 “药品超说明书”离我们并不遥远,比如A型肉毒毒素说明书适应症为眼睑痉挛、面肌痉挛及相关病灶肌张力障碍,但我们最熟悉的用法却是减轻皱纹;普萘洛尔被用于治疗高血压和冠心病,但同时也可以用来预防偏头痛;地塞米松的说明书适应症仍局限于过敏性与自身免疫性炎症性疾病,而在临床上,将其用于早产促胎肺成熟的用法也早已广为人知。

医学是一门在实践中不断前进的科学,最新的研究成果通常先以论文的形式发表,再经历更为广泛的临床试验及长期研究后,写入专家共识或指南。而药品说明书则需要厂家投入更大的资源完成符合审批要求的临床研究证据,因此药品说明书往往具有一定的滞后性。为了最大程度实现医学救死扶伤的本质精神,医学界将“超说明书用药”的概念推向人们面前。

 

“超说明书用药”合法吗?

“超说明书用药”在全球范围内都广泛存在。在美国,有21%已批准药物存在超说明书用药情况;一项针对欧洲五国儿科病房用药的调查发现,46%的处方存在超说明书用药的情况。大量的超说明书用药是在完善法律保护下实现的,美国、德国、意大利、荷兰等国均以有超说明书用药相关立法。

在我国,广东省药学会于2010年发布了关于药品超说明书使用的共识,成为中国第一套超说明书药物使用标准。自2015年起,广东省药学会已连续7年更新《超药品说明书更新目录》。今年6月,2021年的全新版本也已如期发布

3。值得一提的是, 8月20日新通过的《中华人民共和国医师法》首次将诊疗指南和循证医学下的超说明书用药写入法条,这标志着“超说明书用药”在中国也正式迈入合法时代。 

“超说明书用药”风险几何?

尽管超说明书用药在许多国家是合法的,但其安全性已引起了广泛关注。在国内,因此引发的医疗纠纷也不在少数。文献曾报道一名51岁女性患者因腰腿痛于福建某三甲医院就诊,予地塞米松 5 mg、2%利多卡因0.2g、维生素B12 1mg、注射用水20mL混合液于腰压痛点行封闭治疗后2 min,患者呼吸心跳骤停,抢救后呈植物人状态。

此例中该“封闭套餐”虽然在临床中常用,但利多卡因、地塞米松说明书适应症中其实均缺乏“穴位封闭”,维生素B12的说明书中仅有肌注用量而无封闭用量。该患者发生的过敏性休克可能与适应证、用法用量超说明书用药行为有关。最终法院裁定医生在询问过敏史、病历书写方面、履行告知义务方面存在过错,未尽到与当时的医疗水平相应的诊疗义务,在对患者的损害后果 中占主要责任,判决赔偿金额共90万元

4。因此,如何安全的进行“超说明书用药”是每个医生都需要认真考虑的问题。新规明确超说明书用药的条件为同时具备以下3点:

  • (1)尚无有效或者更好治疗手段等特殊情况;

  • (2)医师取得患者明确知情同意;

  • (3)具有循证医学证据的药品用法。

这三点首先要求医生能够全面掌握所治疾病目前所有的治疗方法及用药,其次需要熟知所用药品的说明书,及其相关的最新共识指南及相关研究;最后也是最重要的,便是需要对患者本人有足够的了解,全面掌握病史、过敏史,并取得充分的知情同意. 

总而言之,超说明书用药相对仍具有较高风险,十分考验临床医生的专业水平。在法律保护下,严格遵守用药原则,充分进行医患沟通,严密进行病情监测是使“超说明书用药”长久焕发活力的最终保证。

References

1.张镭, 谭玲, 陆进. 超说明书用药专家共识. 药物不良反应杂志. 2015(2):101-103.

2.Zheng Z, Yang M, Wu J. Ethical Off-label Drug use: Need for a Rethink? Indian pediatrics. 2017;54(6):447-450.

3.广东省药学会. 超药品说明书用药目录(2021年版新增用法)[J/OL]. 今日药学.1-19[2021-06-24]( http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/44.1650.R.20210624.1137.004.html.).

4.邓斌, 洪晓丹, 姚秋燕, 唐蕾, 韦炳华. 4例超说明书用药致医疗纠纷的典型案例分析. 中国医院药学杂志. 2018;038(001):88-91.

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    2021-09-03 weizhaoyang

    尽量按说明书及指南用药

    0

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    2021-09-03 JZ Yang

    临床实践的艰难险阻

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