Cell Research:施一公小组揭示大肠杆菌耐酸机制

2013-01-29 Cell Research 生物通 何嫱

  来自清华大学生命科学学院医学院的研究人员在新研究中证实,L-谷氨酰胺通过酶促反应释放氨,使得大肠杆菌获得了耐酸性。相关论文“L-glutamine provides acid resistance for Escherichia coli through enzymatic release of ammonia”发表在1月22日的《细胞研究》(Cell research)杂志上。   文章的

  来自清华大学生命科学学院医学院的研究人员在新研究中证实,L-谷氨酰胺通过酶促反应释放氨,使得大肠杆菌获得了耐酸性。相关论文“L-glutamine provides acid resistance for Escherichia coli through enzymatic release of ammonia”发表在1月22日的《细胞研究》(Cell research)杂志上。

  文章的通讯作者是清华大学生命科学院院长施一公教授,其研究组主要致力于运用结构生物学和生物化学的手段研究肿瘤发生和细胞凋亡的分子机制,集中于肿瘤抑制因子和细胞凋亡调节蛋白的结构和功能研究、重大疾病相关膜蛋白的结构与功能的研究、胞内生物大分子机器的结构与功能研究。

  食物传播性细菌对于全球健康构成威胁。1982年,大肠杆菌菌株O157:H7就引发了全球大流行。2011年,大肠杆菌菌株O104:H4导致了欧洲疫情爆发,造成18人死亡,每500人中有一人染病。为了能够通过pH值约为2的胃,以及在其他酸性环境中存活,大肠杆菌形成了精密的耐酸性系统(ARs)。

  在三种已知的ARs中,AR1的功能机制仍然不清楚。相比之下,AR2和AR3的分子机制得到了更深入地解析。AR2包含有一个氨基酸反向转运蛋白GadC,负责细胞外L-谷氨酸(Glu)与细胞内γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid ,GABA)的交换。两个Glu脱羧酶GadA和GadB将Glu转变为GABA。与AR2相似,AR3也具有两个组件:反向转运蛋白AdiC和精氨酸脱酸酶AdiA。AR2或AR3一次完整的循环可将细胞质中的质子排出至细胞外环境中,由此提高细胞内pH,促进细菌在酸性环境下存活。

  全面了解细菌AR对于有效的临床预防及治疗均有重要的意义。因为所有的食物传播性致病菌都必须通过极酸性胃,了解细菌在pH值为2-3的环境下的生存机制极其重要。当前,研究人员对于这些机制的了解还远远不够。

  在这项研究中,研究人员鉴别了一个新型大肠杆菌耐酸性系统,证实其依赖于谷氨酰胺酶YbaS和氨基酸反向转运蛋白GadC。这种YbaS和GadC可被酸性pH激活,且只在pH值小于等于6.0时才能适当发挥功能。通过吸收L-谷氨酰胺(Gln),大肠杆菌利用YbaS将之转化为L-谷氨酸(Glu),伴随释放气态氨。游离氨中和质子,导致酸性环境下细胞内pH增高。GadC则负责细胞外Gln 与细胞内Glu 交换。通过这一耐酸系统,确保了大肠杆菌在极酸性环境下生存。

  新研究对于了解细菌的生理学具有重要的意义,且为开发针对肠道致病菌的抗生素提供了新认识。


Abstract
Bacteria, exemplified by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), rely on elaborate acid resistance systems to survive acidic environment (such as the stomach). Comprehensive understanding of bacterial acid resistance is important for prevention and clinical treatment. In this study, we report a previously uncharacterized type of acid resistance system in E. coli that relies on L-glutamine (Gln), one of the most abundant food-borne free amino acids. Upon uptake into E. coli, Gln is converted to L-glutamate (Glu) by the acid-activated glutaminase YbaS, with concomitant release of gaseous ammonia. The free ammonia neutralizes proton, resulting in elevated intracellular pH under acidic environment. We show that YbaS and the amino acid antiporter GadC, which exchanges extracellular Gln with intracellular Glu, together constitute an acid resistance system that is sufficient for E. coli survival under extremely acidic environment.

    

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    2013-09-25 Aisha

    Thanks for finally writing about > Cell Research:施一公小组揭示大肠杆菌耐酸机制-研究动态-动态-MedSci.cn < Loved it!

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    2013-02-26 维他命
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    2013-02-23 爆笑小医
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    2013-01-31 yangshch

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