Nat Biotechnol:研究不能重复?可能是HeLa细胞系“变”了

2019-02-28 佚名 生物探索

多组学技术发现13个实验室的HeLa细胞系存在显著变异。

HeLa细胞已经在世界各地的许多实验室培养了近70年,并且长期以来被认为是无限供应的不变的相同细胞。然而,2月18日发表在《Nature Biotechnology》杂志上的一项新研究表明,细胞在不同实验室之间存在很大差异,这引发了对细胞系研究重复性的质疑。

“我很高兴看到这项研究,但在某种意义上我并不感到惊讶,”斯隆凯特琳癌症中心的分子生物学家Prasad Jallepalli说,他没有参与这项研究。

这并不是HeLa细胞系自诞生以来第一次出现多样化的报道:多年来,其他研究小组也证明了HeLa细胞变异体之间在基因序列和RNA表达的显着差异。

这项最新研究首次全面分析了各种HeLa变异体的遗传变异(不同批次的HeLa细胞系生活在世界各地的各个实验室),并且首次证明遗传异质性导致了蛋白质表达和表型的变化。

HeLa细胞“变了”?

在这项研究中,研究人员从6个国家的13个实验室收集了14份HeLa样本,并在相同的实验室条件下进行培养。他们首先量化了基因拷贝数变异,揭示了它们基因组之间的显着差异。结果发现,HeLa变异体之间,特别是CCL2和Kyoto变异体之间存在着巨大的异质性。

进一步的分析表明,许多这些遗传差异转化为mRNA产生的变化,并且在较小程度上转化为蛋白质丰度的变化。研究人员报告说,HeLa CCL2和Kyoto细胞系的转录组和蛋白质组谱彼此之间的差异,就像来自两种不同类型组织的癌细胞系之间的差异一样。

HeLa变异体在培养过程中生长速度也不同,一些细胞群需要17.5小时才能翻倍,而另一些细胞在相同的培养条件下需要话费超过32小时。它们对沙门氏菌感染的反应也有所不同:与其他两种变体相比,一种变体对感染的敏感性较低,研究人员将其归因于低水平的蛋白质复合物,这种蛋白质复合物在细菌进入宿主细胞中起作用。

在一项单独的实验中,研究小组通过培养细胞系三个月,来观察HeLa变异体的基因表达是否会随着时间发生变化。研究人员记录了早期细胞和晚期细胞之间基因表达差异大约6%。

苏黎世联邦理工学院分子系统生物学研究所的Ruedi Aebersell教授是该研究的合着者,他说,“即使在同一个实验室里,这些细胞的差异和变化速度也是非常惊人的。”他估计,如果一个研究生在项目开始时用HeLa细胞系做了一个实验,并在六个月后被要求重复这个实验,他们可能会得到不同的结果。

关于研究中的“可复制性危机”的讨论大多数集中在实验设计、数据分析方面的缺陷,以及作为主要驱动因素的受污染或贴错标签的细胞系。但是Aebersell认为,HeLa细胞系和癌细胞系的生物学差异可能是关键。

为什么会“变”?

斯坦福大学的细胞生物学家Tim Stearns认为有几个可能的原因可以解释为什么细胞系在长时间培养下会发生变化。首先,HeLa细胞是已知基因组不稳定的癌细胞,因此很可能随时间随机突变。此外,它们还会在实验室中受到各种生长条件的影响,这可能会促使细胞进化出独特的特征。例如,他说,哺乳动物细胞的培养包括将其培养到充满一个培养皿为止,从培养皿中抽取一部分细胞,然后将它们放在另一个培养皿中生长,这一过程称为分裂。“每个人做这件事的方式都有点不同,”他说道。

最新这些发现,对于人类培养细胞的研究结果的解释和重现性有一定的意义。Aebersell和他的同事在论文中提出了几个具体的解决方案。首先,研究人员应该使用癌细胞系的早期传代,并确保在同一细胞系的不同样本中重复同一细胞系的实验。更重要的是,生物学家应该清楚地报告他们在给定的研究中使用的细胞系变异体。

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    2019-03-25 shock_melon
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    2019-03-01 cathymary
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    2020-01-10 liye789132251
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    2019-06-25 sunylz
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