Nat Methods:缩短至2周!新方法可快速利用干细胞培养脑细胞

2018-08-24 风铃 生物探索

星形胶质细胞(Astrocytes)在神经退行性疾病研究中起着重要作用。目前从人类多能干细胞中提取星形胶质细胞进展缓慢且效率低下。近日,瑞典隆德大学(Lund University)的研究人员开发出一种快速高效的方法,可以将胚胎干细胞中提取星形胶质细胞所需的时间从数月减少到两周,为研究人类星形胶质细胞在健康和疾病方面提供了新的可能性。



这项研究以题为“Rapid and efficient induction of functional astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells”发表在《Nature Methods》杂志上。


星形胶质细胞从胚胎干细胞中生长。来源:Isaac Canals

星形胶质细胞,是哺乳动物脑内分布最广泛的一类细胞,也是胶质细胞中体积最大的一种。它们伸展充填在神经细胞的胞体及其突起之间,起支持、引导和分隔神经细胞的作用。众所周知,星形胶质细胞具有对正常大脑生理至关重要的功能。近年来,越来越多的研究表明星形胶质细胞在大脑中还有许多更加重要复杂的功能。

但这些知识大部分都来自于对小鼠星形胶质细胞的研究,它们的复杂性与人类的星形胶质细胞还是不同。摆在研究人员面前的一个问题是,难以获取人类星形胶质细胞进行研究。目前在实验室中培养星形胶质细胞有很多方法,但都要耗费很长时间,而且极其困难、价格昂贵且过程复杂。

“之前的方法虽然已经成功地从胚胎干细胞中产生了人类星形胶质细胞,但这需要几个月的时间。用我们的方法,只要一到两个星期就可以产生大量的全功能的人类星形细胞。”领导这个研究小组的Henrik Ahlenius说,“这意味着现在比以前更容易研究星形胶质细胞在各种疾病中的作用。”

简单地说,Henrik Ahlenius和他的研究小组利用病毒激活胚胎干细胞中的基因,这些基因在正常发育过程中会调节星形胶质细胞的形成。通过这种方式,研究人员成功地使胚胎干细胞迅速形成星形胶质细胞。而且从胚胎干细胞中产生的星形胶质细胞在外观、遗传特征和功能上与成人大脑中的星形胶质细胞非常相似。

Henrik Ahlenius表示:“许多研究人员以前曾使用胚胎干细胞来生成星形胶质细胞,但这些方法试图模拟胚胎干细胞在个体中发育星形胶质细胞时的正常发育过程,这非常耗时且复杂。”


Integration of iAs into mouse brain, and modeling of Alexander disease with CRISPR and iAs

研究小组通过使用CRISPR-Cas9技术在胚胎干细胞中插入突变基因,证明了这种细胞在研究大脑疾病中的作用。随后,他们使用新方法将健康和突变的干细胞转化为星形胶质细胞。

当研究人员比较星形胶质细胞时,发现具有这种突变的细胞表现出先前已知存在亚历山大病的患者中的几种缺陷。Henrik Ahlenius说:“使用这种方法结合CRISPR-Cas9,让我们快速地培养出人类星形胶质细胞,为研究星形胶质细胞在各种神经疾病中的作用提供了更好的可能性。”

研究小组的重点是研究与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病,如痴呆和阿尔茨海默氏症,下一步他们将使用这种方法来研究星形胶质细胞在这些疾病中的重要性。

原始出处:

Isaac Canals, Aurélie Ginisty, Ella Quist, et.al. Rapid and efficient induction of functional astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells. Nature Methods 20 August 2018

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    2019-01-15 一闲
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    2018-12-01 liye789132251
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    2018-08-28 易水河

    学习学习

    0

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