The Lancet Neurol:大剂量白蛋白治疗缺血性卒中试验未显示临床获益

2013-09-30 sunight dxy

研究要点: 1.大剂量白蛋白人体可安全耐受。 2.大剂量白蛋白对缺血性脑卒中未显示出临床获益。 缺血性卒中的动物模型显示,25%的白蛋白降低脑梗死体积并提高神经功能预后。之前的一项探索性临床研究显示,高达2g/kg的白蛋白剂量在安全剂量范围内。该研究的目的旨在评价在缺血性卒中起病5小时内给予白蛋白是否改善卒中的预后。 【原文阅读】 该研究为随机双盲平行组的3期安慰剂对照试验,纳入2009年

研究要点:

1.大剂量白蛋白人体可安全耐受。

2.大剂量白蛋白对缺血性脑卒中未显示出临床获益。

缺血性卒中的动物模型显示,25%的白蛋白降低脑梗死体积并提高神经功能预后。之前的一项探索性临床研究显示,高达2g/kg的白蛋白剂量在安全剂量范围内。该研究的目的旨在评价在缺血性卒中起病5小时内给予白蛋白是否改善卒中的预后。 【原文阅读】

该研究为随机双盲平行组的3期安慰剂对照试验,纳入2009年2月27日至2012年9月10日期间,美国69个中心、加拿大13个中心、芬兰2个中心和以色列5个中心的缺血性卒中患者,年龄段为18到83岁,这些患者的基线NIHSS评分为6分或更高,均在起病5小时内接受治疗,按1:1随机分配,采用偏倚最小化方法进行统一分配。试验组为接受浓度为25%,剂量为2g/kg的白蛋白治疗,最大剂量为750ml,对照组为等量的等张生理盐水。

所有研究者和参与者对选用的药物均不知情,研究主要终点事件为预后改善,定义为起病90天后改良的Rankin评分为0到1分或NIHSS评分为0或1分。研究结果采用意向目的方式进行分析。允许进行溶栓治疗。该试验在临床试验网站注册,注册号为NCT00235495。

422例参与者被随机分配至白蛋白组,419例患者接受等量生理盐水。在2012年9月12日,该试验因无效而提前终止,最终患者为841例。白蛋白组和生理盐水组患者在主要终点事件方面没有明显不同,达到主要终点事件的两组患者分别为186例和185例。白蛋白组相比生理盐水组的轻到中度肺水肿的发生率更高。虽然接受白蛋白组的患者在整个试验过程中预后改善的比例在44-45%,相比而言生理盐水组的患者最终预后改善的比例为31-44%。

最终研究得出结论,对于缺血性脑卒中患者,25%的大剂量白蛋白未显示出临床获益。

研究背景:

卒中占北美死亡原因的第四位,是世界范围内的第二位的致死病因,而且最主要的致残因素。预计到2030年,卒中的发病率将到达4%。在发展中国家,过去的几十年内卒中的发病率逐渐升高,近80%的卒中为缺血性。缺血性卒中唯一被认为可以改善预后的特异治疗方式是静脉tPA溶栓,但是这种治疗方式只在卒中发作后有限几小时内有效。

临床研究已揭示了缺血性卒中脑损伤的生物化学、分子生物学和血管性损伤的机制,通过抑制这些损伤机制或可保护脑组织。然而,虽然有理论上的支持,但是在临床试验上一直没有得到验证。先前部分急性缺血性卒中的临床试验显示,高剂量的白蛋白通过降低脑梗死的体积、减低脑水肿、提高脑功能等起到持续的神经保护作用,治疗窗为卒中起病后4小时。另外还有研究显示,白蛋白可提高缺血半暗带的灌注,维持梗死区的表观弥散系数,提高梗死动脉远端的微血管血流动力学。

原文阅读

Myron D Ginsberg,Yuko Y Palesch, Prof Michael D Hill, Renee H Martin, Claudia S Moy,William G Barsan, Bonnie D Waldman, Diego Tamariz, Karla J Ryckborst .High-dose albumin treatment for acute ischaemic stroke (ALIAS) part 2: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet Neurology.27 September 2013.

 

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    2014-08-17 howi
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    2013-10-12 yinhl1978
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    2013-10-02 珙桐
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