读图:qPCR那些奇奇怪怪的曲线都代表啥?

2016-08-04 医生科研助手 解螺旋

我们知道PCR的本质其实就是一变二、二变四、四变十六······产物呈指数增长的数字游戏。PCR原理因此,在引物、模板、缓冲液、酶等都充足的理想状态下,荧光定量PCR的扩增曲线应该是这样的:理想状态下的扩增曲线然而,理想很疯狂,现实却很“性感”,看下面的“S型”曲线就知道,相对于理想状态下的扩增曲线,在dNTP和酶都有限的情况下,扩增曲线如下图所示,有一个平台期,酶逐渐失活,dNTP消耗殆尽,产物

我们知道PCR的本质其实就是一变二、二变四、四变十六······产物呈指数增长的数字游戏。


PCR原理


因此,在引物、模板、缓冲液、酶等都充足的理想状态下,荧光定量PCR的扩增曲线应该是这样的:

理想状态下的扩增曲线


然而,理想很疯狂,现实却很“性感”,看下面的“S型”曲线就知道,相对于理想状态下的扩增曲线,在dNTP和酶都有限的情况下,扩增曲线如下图所示,有一个平台期,酶逐渐失活,dNTP消耗殆尽,产物增加量逐渐减少;直至没有任何产物生成,数目保持恒定。


实际情况的扩增曲线


熔解曲线(Dissociation curve),就是随温度升高DNA的双螺旋结构降解程度的曲线。扩增反应完成后,通过逐渐增加温度同时监测每一步的荧光信号来产生熔解曲线。熔解温度上有一特征峰(Tm,DNA双链解链50%的温度),用这个特征峰就可以将特异产物与其它产物如引物二聚体区分开,因为它们在不同的温度熔解度不一样。用荧光信号改变的负的一次导数(dR/dT)与温度作图,得出熔解曲线。


dR/dT 越大,表明荧光值变化最快。随着温度上升,达到Tm点时,大部分产物双链DNA解开,荧光值下降非常快。如果qPCR产物非常特异,熔解曲线在80-90之间会形成一个单峰(温度和qPCR产物长度以及GC含量相关)。


正常情况下,荧光定量PCR的产物是特异的,这时的熔解曲线应该是这样的:


正常情况下的熔解曲线


当然,也会有不正常的时候,熔解曲线前置杂峰,在主峰前有一个前锋,敢在主峰面前“撒野”的是比目的片段短些的非特异性片段,在温度低一些的时候就能解开双链,也可能是引物二聚体。


熔解曲线前置杂峰


不正常的情况下,还可能出现熔解曲线后置杂峰,躲在主峰后面的是比目的片段长些的非特异性片段,在温度高一些的时候才能解开双链。


熔解曲线后置杂峰


再来欣赏一下那些形状特异的扩增曲线:


没有对数增长期,可能是模板浓度高,这样所看见的扩增曲线,就不是在一个对数期。


没有对数增长期的扩增曲线


无CT值,可能原因及对策:


  • 检测荧光信号的步骤有误:一般 SG 法采用 72℃ 延伸时采集,Taqman 法则一般在退火结束时或延伸结束采集信号。


  • 引物或探针降解:可通过 PAGE 电泳检测其完整性。


  • 模板量不足:对未知浓度的样品应从系列稀释样本的最高浓度做起。


  • 模板降解:避免样品制备中杂质的引入及反复冻融的情况。


无CT值的扩增曲线


Ct 值出现过晚(Ct >38),可能原因及对策:


  • 扩增效率低:反应条件不够优化。设计更好的引物或探针,改用三步法进行反应。适当降低退火温度,增加镁离子浓度等。


  • PCR各种反应成分的降解或加样量的不足。


  • PCR 产物太长: 一般采用 80-150 bp 的产物长度。


 Ct值出现过晚的扩增曲线

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    2016-09-17 忠诚向上

    好好学习一下

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    2016-08-20 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

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    2016-08-20 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

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    2016-08-10 忠诚向上

    好好学习

    0

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    2016-08-06 Tommy1950
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    2016-08-06 lvliquan

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