全新卒中研究进展荟萃

2017-01-26 国际循环 国际循环

卒中一级预防研究:更多关注卒中一级预防2017年两项发表于Lancet的卒中一级预防研究令人瞩目。一项研究是疾病负担相关研究[1],该研究对188个国家1990~2013年的卒中疾病负担和危险因素进行系统分析;另一项是在32个国家近27 000例患者中进行的病例对照研究INTERSTROKE研究[2],这两项研究均明确显示卒中90%以上的危险因素是可治疗的。我们应更多关注卒中一级预防,而非卒中的治

卒中一级预防研究:更多关注卒中一级预防

2017年两项发表于Lancet的卒中一级预防研究令人瞩目。一项研究是疾病负担相关研究[1],该研究对188个国家1990~2013年的卒中疾病负担和危险因素进行系统分析;另一项是在32个国家近27 000例患者中进行的病例对照研究INTERSTROKE研究[2],这两项研究均明确显示卒中90%以上的危险因素是可治疗的。我们应更多关注卒中一级预防,而非卒中的治疗和二级预防。


详细见:Lancet:全球32个国家的脑卒中危险因素分析(INTERSTROKE)

ACT1随机研究[3]和CREST试验[4]10年随访研究结果公布,这两项研究比较了无症状主动脉瓣狭窄的支架置入术和根治外科手术的效果,二者无显著差异。遗憾的是,研究并未回答最重要的问题——最佳的内科治疗是否与外科手术或支架置入术一样有效。

急性缺血性卒中治疗研究

IST-3研究[5]对6小时时间窗内组织型纤溶酶原激活物阿替普酶(tPA)和无治疗的效果进行了比较,研究显示80岁以上的患者仍可从tPA治疗中获益,这极其重要,正如入院时重度卒中患者和高血压患者的获益。研究还显示,如果接受tPA治疗的患者应用抗血小板药物预处理,则脑出血风险增加。

详细见:
Stroke:阿替普酶在急性缺血性卒中发病6小时内对全因死亡率的影响(国际卒中试验-3)

ENCHANTED试验[6]对阿替普酶两种剂量(0.9 mg/kg和0.6 mg/kg)进行了比较,二者并无太大差别。但Christoph Diener教授认为,一个亚组很重要:研究显示,应用抗血小板治疗进行预处理的患者应用较低剂量tPA显然可预防出血。

DIAS-4试验[7]结果也在本年度发表,该研究是在4.5~9小时的时间窗内应用去氮普酶并与安慰剂比较,该研究结果为阴性。

有研究对应用tPA后的颅内出血或脑出血的预测因素进行了研究[8],结果显示,微出血高负荷或严重脑白质病变增加出血风险。

多项研究[9,10]显示血栓切除术非常有效。目前的主要挑战是在一个广泛的基础上实施取栓术。来自海德尔堡的随机研究[11]显示,在血栓切除术中,无论采用镇静催眠还是全麻,其效果相同。

卒中二级预防:阿司匹林地位不可憾动

阿司匹林对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)和缺血性卒中后卒中再发风险及严重程度的早期疗效研究[12]显示,缺血性卒中后2周内,与安慰剂或未治疗相比,阿司匹林可显著降低卒中再发风险55%,因此,卒中后患者应尽快应用阿司匹林以预防卒中再发。

SOCRATES研究[13]比较了替格瑞洛和阿司匹林在高危TIA或轻度卒中患者中的作用。结果显示,在卒中或心肌梗死之复合终点方面,替格瑞洛的益处并不优于阿司匹林。

目前两项不明原因栓塞性卒中的研究正在进行,这两项研究比较了达比加群或比伐芦定与阿司匹林相比在此重要患者亚组的效果。

一项关于39 000例卒中二级预防患者中高血压治疗的荟萃分析[14]显示,应用血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂和利尿剂的疗效最好。遗憾的是,所有关于卒中二级预防中糖尿病治疗的研究均未得到阳性结果。

脑出血:口服抗凝药物逆转剂临床意义非凡


我们现在有了有脑出血和高血压的患者须积极降压的数据[15]。但是,研究结果却发现,积极降压并未获得益处。

可喜的是,我们已经有了口服抗凝药物的逆转剂,这非常具有实际意义。德国有12例应用达比加群发生脑出血的病例报道,所有脑出血患者均应用逆转药物idarucizumab,仅1例患者发生血肿并死亡。在抗凝药物引发的出血人群死亡率通常为50%,而在应用了口服抗凝药物逆转剂的患者人群死亡率降至9%。

相关报道:Lancet Neurol:2016神经病学总结之卒中 

参考文献

1. Feigin VL, Roth GA, Naghavi M, et al. Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15:913-924.Abstract

2. O'Donnell MJ, Chin SL, Rangarajan S, et al. Global and regional effects of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with acute stroke in 32 countries (INTERSTROKE): a case-control study. Lancet. 2016;388:761-775.Abstract

3. Rosenfield K, Matsumura JS, Chaturvedi S, et al. Randomized trial of stent versus surgery for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1011-1020. Abstract

4. Brott TG, Howard G, Roubin GS, et al. Long-term results of stenting versus endarterectomy for carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1021-1031. Abstract

5. Berge E, Cohen G, Roaldsen MB, et al. Effects of alteplase on survival after ischaemic stroke (IST-3): 3 year follow-up of a randomised, controlled, open-label trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15:1028-1034. Abstract

6. Anderson CS, Robinson T, Lindley RI, et al. Low-dose versus standard-dose intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:2313-2323. Abstract

7. von Kummer R, Mori E, Truelsen T, et al. Desmoteplase 3 to 9 hours after major artery occlusion stroke: the DIAS-4 trial (efficacy and safety study of desmoteplase to treat acute ischemic stroke). Stroke. 2016;47:2880-2887. Abstract

8. Lin Q, Li Z, Wei R, Lei Q, Liu Y, Cai X. Increased risk of post-thrombolysis intracranial hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke patients with leukoaraiosis: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0153486. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153486. eCollection 2016.

9. Saver JL, Goyal M, van der Lugt A, et al. Time to treatment with endovascular thrombectomy and outcomes from ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016;316:1279-1288. Abstract

10. Goyal M, Menon BK, Zwam WH, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. 2016;387:1723-1731. Abstract

11. Schönenberger S, Uhlmann L, Hacke W, et al. Effect of conscious sedation vs general anesthesia on early neurological improvement among patients with ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;316:1986-1996. Abstract

12. Rothwell PM, Algra A, Chen Z, Diener HC, Norrving B, Mehta Z. Effects of aspirin on risk and severity of early recurrent stroke after transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: time-course analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2016;388:365-375. Abstract

13. Johnston SC, Amarenco P, Albers GW, et al. Ticagrelor versus aspirin in acute stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:35-43. Abstract

14. Katsanos AH, Filippatou A, Manios E, et al. Blood pressure reduction and secondary stroke prevention: a systematic review and metaregression analysis of randomized clinical trials. Hypertension. 2016 Oct 31. [Epub ahead of print]

15. Qureshi AI, Palesch YY, Barsan WG, et al; ATACH-2 Trial Investigators and the Neurological Emergency Treatment Trials Network. Intensive blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1033-1043. Abstract

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    2017-02-03 venlin
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    2017-02-09 ylzr123

    小编辛苦了,感谢为我们准备了绝佳的精神晚餐,给点赞了!

    0

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    2017-02-03 Lidu20002000

    感谢小编的辛勤劳动!学习了

    0

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    2017-01-31 卡圣

    长见识了

    0

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    2017-01-27 ylzr123

    小编辛苦了,感谢为我们准备了绝佳的精神晚餐,给点赞了!

    0

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    2017-01-26 1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称)

    不错学习了,多谢分享

    0

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氯吡格雷你真的会用吗?

导 语:服用氯吡格雷的快看过来~氯吡格雷可以用于近期心肌梗死患者、近期缺血性卒中患者、确诊外周动脉性疾病及急性冠脉综合征的患者,以预防其动脉粥样硬化血栓形成事件,长期服用氯吡咯雷和阿司匹林进行抗凝治疗的患者有胃溃疡风险,常需用质子泵抑制剂等胃药。目前国内批准上市的质子泵抑制剂类产品包括:奥美拉唑、泮托拉唑、兰索拉唑、雷贝拉唑和艾司奥美拉唑。2009年美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)发布信息,通报了

Circulation:中国卒中地图公布:每年240万新发卒中

2016年1月4日,Circulation在线发表了由全国脑血管病防治研究办公室主任王文志等在全国48万余人进行的调查研究。该研究描绘了中国卒中的发病情况。 研究发现,30年来,我国卒中负担渐重。呈现出由北到南的梯度趋势,其中在华北和华中疾病负担最重。而且在农村地区尤为突出。 就此估算,我国每年有240万新发卒中,110万卒中相关死亡,有1110万卒中生存者。 与类似

Circulation:中国卒中患病率、发病率和死亡率分析

在中国脑卒中疾病负担比过去30年有所增加了,尤其是在农村地区,卒中负担特别重。脑卒中在中国有从北到南逐渐降低的梯度存在,卒中负担最大的地区是在北部和中部地区。

Stroke:莫犹豫了,坚持健康的北欧饮食可预防卒中哦!

健康的北欧饮食可能被推荐用于卒中预防。

BMJ:偏头痛患者围手术期卒中风险增加

已知偏头痛是缺血性卒中的一个危险因素,尤其是有先兆偏头痛。每年有约6000万次手术,基线卒中风险为1/1,000,如果有先兆偏头痛可使这一风险增加近2倍,那么每年会有数以千计的相关卒中发生。研究者报告称,偏头痛患者手术后第一个月发生缺血性卒中的风险是无头痛患者的近两倍。来自麻省综合医院(MGH)的Matthias Eikermann及其同事在BMJ杂志上在线报告,有先兆偏头痛患者的这一风险更高,不