Molecular Psychiatry:妊娠期发热与自闭症的高风险有关

2017-06-15 张荣杰 MedSci原创

一项对大量儿童的研究发现,自闭症谱系疾病的发病风险与母亲在怀孕期间发热有关。这种关联在妊娠中期(3-6个月)的发热尤为显着。这项由纽约州哥伦比亚大学的公共卫生学院牵头的研究发现,自闭症的风险与怀孕12周后所发生的发热有关,三次以上发热的孕妇其后代发生自闭症的风险增加了300%。这项研究发表在了Molecular Psychiatry杂志上,研究人员说他们的发现支持了怀孕中的感染和免疫系统对感染的反

一项对大量儿童的研究发现,自闭症谱系疾病的发病风险与母亲在怀孕期间发热有关。这种关联在妊娠中期(3-6个月)的发热尤为显着。

这项由纽约州哥伦比亚大学的公共卫生学院牵头的研究发现,自闭症的风险与怀孕12周后所发生的发热有关,三次以上发热的孕妇其后代发生自闭症的风险增加了300%。

这项研究发表在了Molecular Psychiatry杂志上,研究人员说他们的发现支持了怀孕中的感染免疫系统对感染的反应,可能在自闭症的发病中起了一定的作用。

自闭症谱系疾病(Autism spectrum disorder,ASD),被简称为自闭症,是一组发生在儿童早期的发育障碍,通常变现为社交困难和重复行为。

ASD是一种复杂表现宽泛的障碍,没有两个患儿的症状组合和严重程度完全相同。一些常见的可以观察到的症状包括:

重复的行为,如从一边摇摆到另一边,旋转等;

对特定物体着迷或有兴趣,如卡车轮子;

不喜欢对日常生活的改变或过度刺激环境等;

避免目光接触;

不能对自己的姓名作出反应;

宁愿独处;

难以理解和谈论感情;

言语迟缓与语言发展障碍;

理解非语言线索的困难。

据美国疾病控制和预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC)的数据显示,美国每68名儿童中就有1人患有自闭症,男孩的患病几率是女孩的4.5倍。相关链接

妊娠期感染和自闭症

专家认为自闭症是遗传和环境因素综合作用的结果,包括病毒感染、污染和妊娠并发症。

文章的第一作者,来自梅尔曼公共卫生流行病学(epidemiology at the Mailman School of Public Health)副教授Mady Hornig和他的同事指出,在以往的研究中已经发现妊娠期感染和ASD发病之间的联系,他们认为,母亲的免疫反应可能影响胎儿出生前的发育。

其他研究支持了这一观点,其他研究中发现了羊水和母亲的血液样本中含有更高水平的炎性细胞因子,即免疫细胞在炎症过程中释放的一种分子。

作者指出:因此,孕妇对感染的反应,包括影响胎儿脑发育的发热发作的时间以及减轻发热的措施等都会影响自闭症的发病风险。

对于这项研究而言,研究者认为这项研究是到目前为止研究整个妊娠期发热与自闭症发病风险的最强有力的研究。

母亲发热与自闭症风险增高有关

研究人员分析了1999至2009年间在挪威出生的95754名儿童的研究数据,其中包括母亲在怀孕期间填写的报告。

记录显示有583例患儿确诊为自闭症。研究显示,15701名(16%)儿童的母亲在怀孕期间至少发热过一次。研究人员指出,这与美国观察到的概率大致相同。

研究发现,怀孕的任何阶段发热会造成儿童发生自闭症的风险增加34%,而在中期妊娠阶段(3至6个月)发热会造成儿童发生自闭症的风险增加40%。

然而,研究结果还显示了怀孕12周后母亲发热与自闭症风险之间的“剂量反应”关系。即母亲发热一次或两次风险增加1.3倍,母亲发热三次以上风险增加3.12倍。

研究人员发现在妊娠中期使用对乙酰氨基酚对于自闭症的影响可以忽略不计。他们还发现,在孕晚期使用布洛芬的母亲所生的孩子没有一个发育为自闭症。然而,由于涉及的人数较少,研究人员认为,他们不能确切地说明,母亲使用布洛芬治疗发热可能会影响自闭症的风险。

感染的类型会有影响吗?

发热仅是感染的症状。然而,这项研究没有调查怀孕期间特定类型的感染是否会影响孩子患自闭症的风险。

因此研究人员提出要进行下一步的研究,以找出哪些类型的产前感染和免疫反应可能会对自闭症的发生造成影响,以及提出相应的预防的措施。

他们指出一项正在进行的研究,检测了妊娠中期和出生时血液样本有可能揭示出感染类型和自闭症发生的线索。

Mady Hornig教授说:“我们的研究结果表明,妊娠期母体感染和免疫反应对于某些自闭症的发病起到重要作用。

原文出处:

Hornig M, Bresnahan MA, Che X, Schultz AF, Ukaigwe JE, Eddy ML, Hirtz D, Gunnes N, Lie KK, Magnus P, Mjaaland S, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Schjølberg S, Øyen AS, Levin B, Susser ES, Stoltenberg C, Lipkin WI. Prenatal fever and autism risk. Mol Psychiatry. 2017 Jun 13. doi: 10.1038/mp.2017.119

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    2017-06-17 xiongke014
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    2017-06-15 王秀

    学习了,涨知识了!

    0

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