BMJ:StandingTall平衡锻炼预防老年人跌倒

2021-04-21 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

澳大利亚神经科学研究所Kim Delbaere测试基于家庭的电子健康平衡锻炼项目StandingTall能否为社区居住老年人提供有效的自我管理的预防跌倒方案。该研究发表在BMJ杂志上。

澳大利亚神经科学研究所Kim Delbaere测试基于家庭的电子健康平衡锻炼项目StandingTall能否为社区居住老年人提供有效的自我管理预防跌倒方案。该研究发表在BMJ杂志上。

招募503名70岁及以上的独立进行日常生活活动的人,没有认知障碍、进行性神经疾病或任何其他不稳定或不能进行运动的急性疾病。参与者被随机分组到干预组(每周StandingTall两小时并进行健康教育;n=254)或对照组(健康教育;n=249),干预时间为两年。

主要观察指标是跌倒率(每人每年跌倒的次数)和在12个月内跌倒的人的比例。次要指标是发生跌倒的人数和发生伤害性跌倒(导致任何伤害或需要医疗护理)的人数、顺应性、情绪、与健康相关的生活质量、24个月后的活动水平,12个月后的平衡和移动效果。

干预组与对照组前12个月的跌倒率差异无统计学意义(干预组每年跌倒0.60±1.05次;对照组为0.76±1.25;发病率比为0.84,95%置信区间为0.62 ~ 1.13,P=0.071)。此外,12个月时跌倒的比例无统计学差异(干预组为34.6%,对照组为40.2%;相对危险度0.90,95%置信区间0.67 ~ 1.20,P=0.461)。然而,干预组24个月的跌倒率比对照组低16%(发生率比0.84,95%置信区间0.72 - 0.98,P=0.027)。两组24个月跌倒比例相似(相对危险度0.87,95%置信区间0.68 - 1.10,P = 0.239), 但干预组在24个月摔伤的比例比对照组低20% (相对危险度0.80,95%置信区间0.66到0.98,P = 0.031)。干预组中,68.1%和52.0%的参与者12个月后锻炼中位数是114.0分钟/周(四分位数范围53.5),24个月后为120.4分钟/周(38.6)。两组在情绪和活动水平上保持相似。干预组在六个月时EQ-5D-5L (EuroQol五维度级别)效用分数提高了0.03(95%置信区间0.01-0.06), 6个月时站立平衡提高了11秒(95%置信区间2-19 秒),12个月时提高10秒(1-19 s)。未发生与训练相关的严重不良事件。

在12个月时,没有观察到对跌倒率和跌倒的人的比例的显著影响。然而,在24个月时,确实观察到跌倒率显著降低了16%,发生摔伤的人数比例显著降低了20%。12个月下降率减少16%的效果大小与24个月相似,尽管这在统计学上没有显著性(P=0.07)。观察到的下降率与之前研究报告的下降率相当——12个月单独进行锻炼计划减少21%,24个月减少14%。然而,在24个月内发生摔伤的人的比例减少了20%,似乎比先前其他研究报道的减少12%要高。这些发现表明,可以利用技术为老年人提供电子健康平衡锻炼计划,在24个月内有效降低跌倒率和受伤跌倒的比例。

StandingTall平衡锻炼计划对本研究的主要结果没有显著影响。然而,该项目在两年内显著降低了摔倒率和伤害性摔倒次数,在12个月时效果相似,但在统计上不显著。电子健康锻炼计划可以提供有前景的可扩展的预防跌倒策略。

该研究结果显示,量身定制的电子健康运动计划是预防老年人跌倒的有效干预措施。StandingTall是一种可扩展的干预手段,可以很容易地整合到临床实践中,为医疗保健专业人员提供一个平台,以远程设置、监测和为患者定制项目。StandingTall提供了完全的用户自主权,并且只需要与医疗保健专业人员进行最少的互动。计划进行一项经济评估,以确定站立是否代表物有所值。

原文出处

E-health StandingTall balance exercise for fall prevention in older people: results of a two year randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2021; 373 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n740

 

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    2021-06-22 gaoxiaoe
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    2021-04-23 膀胱癌
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    2021-04-22 ms2000001361349190

    老人怕摔

    0

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    2021-04-22 jingjing

    运动锻炼应该是健康第一要素,对各类疾病都应该有益。但是国内这方面研究太少

    0