Cell:张旭等发现调控大脑发育的新机理

2012-07-03 上海生科院 上海生科院

《细胞》(Cell)杂志于2012年6月22日发表了上海生科院神经所张旭研究组题为“成纤维细胞生长因子13作为微管稳定蛋白调控神经元极性化与迁移”的研究论文。论文报道了非分泌型成纤维细胞生长因子13(Fibroblast growth factor 13;FGF13)在神经元轴突的生长锥中具有聚合和稳定微管的功能,影响轴突和前导突起的生长;在脑发育过程中FGF13调控神经元的迁移、大脑皮层和海马组

《细胞》(Cell)杂志于2012年6月22日发表了上海生科院神经所张旭研究组题为“成纤维细胞生长因子13作为微管稳定蛋白调控神经元极性化与迁移”的研究论文。论文报道了非分泌型成纤维细胞生长因子13(Fibroblast growth factor 13;FGF13)在神经元轴突的生长锥中具有聚合和稳定微管的功能,影响轴突和前导突起的生长;在脑发育过程中FGF13调控神经元的迁移、大脑皮层和海马组织结构的形成,从而影响学习与记忆等脑功能。该项工作由神经所博士研究生吴青峰和杨柳等在张旭研究员的指导下完成。

大脑皮层和海马是形成学习与记忆等脑功能的关键脑区,它们发育的异常会导致智力障碍。人类X染色体的基因缺陷或变异可以导致大脑发育迟滞,造成儿童智力发育障碍,称为X-连锁智力障碍综合症。FGF13基因位于X染色体,以往的病例研究提示FGF13基因缺陷可能与X-连锁智力障碍有关,然而,FGF13在脑发育中的功能尚不清楚。

绝大多数FGF家族成员是分泌性因子,作用于细胞膜上受体启动信号传导,对细胞的增殖和分化发挥着至关重要的作用,参与胚胎的早期发育。FGF13是FGF11亚家族成员,这类FGF分子因没有分泌信号肽而无法分泌,在细胞内发挥功能。张旭研究组的研究显示,在脑发育过程中FGF13表达于大脑皮层和海马神经元中,它的剪接异构体FGF13B蛋白在神经元生长锥中富集,并且与微管相互作用。进一步的研究表明FGF13B是微管稳定蛋白,不仅可以与微管结合,具有微管结合结构域,而且可以聚合微管蛋白和稳定微管,保护微管免受降解。他们还发现FGF13B在大脑皮层中调节轴突或前导突起的发育,因而调节神经元迁移,FGF13B缺失会阻碍神经元从多极性向双极性转化,还导致轴突或前导突起的过度分支,从而减缓神经元的迁移。这些结果提示FGF13B通过聚合与稳定微管来调控神经元发育。他们进一步发现,FGF13基因敲除小鼠由于神经元迁移迟滞造成大脑皮层和海马结构分层异常,学习记忆能力受到明显损害。因此,缺乏FGF13可以导致大脑皮层和海马发育迟滞以及个体智力障碍。该研究阐述了FGF13B对大脑发育的调控作用及其机理,为智力障碍综合症提供了新的分子细胞机制。

该工作得到了中国科学院、科技部、国家自然科学基金委等基金资助。

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.04.046
PMC:
PMID:

Fibroblast Growth Factor 13 Is a Microtubule-Stabilizing Protein Regulating Neuronal Polarization and Migration

Qing-Feng Wu, Liu Yang, Shuai Li, Qiong Wang, Xiao-Bin Yuan, Xiang Gao, Lan Bao, Xu Zhang

Secretory fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors are known for their regulatory function in the early stages of neural development. FGF13, a nonsecretory protein of the FGF family, is expressed in cerebral cortical neurons during development and is a candidate gene for syndromal and nonspecific forms of X-chromosome-linked mental retardation (XLMR). However, its function during development remains unclear. We show that FGF13 acts intracellularly as a microtubule-stabilizing protein required for axon and leading process development and neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex. FGF13 is enriched in axonal growth cones and interacts directly with microtubules. Furthermore, FGF13 polymerizes tubulins and stabilizes microtubules. The loss of FGF13 impairs neuronal polarization and increases the branching of axons and leading processes. Genetic deletion of FGF13 in mice results in neuronal migration defects in both the neocortex and the hippocampus. FGF13-deficient mice also exhibit weakened learning and memory, which is correlated to XLMR patients' intellectual disability.

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    2012-12-26 维他命
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    2012-07-05 neurowu
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近日,来自劳森健康研究所和西方大学的研究者发现腺病毒在机体免疫反应中扮演着重要作用,相关研究成果刊登在了国际著名杂志Cell Host & Microbe上。腺病毒感染常常引发轻微的呼吸系统疾病,最终引发咳嗽和喉痛等症状。然而当1960年研究者发现腺病毒还可以引发啮齿类动物患瘤,从此研究者才对腺病毒进行了深入研究。肿瘤的产生是因为腺病毒使得细胞分裂不受控制,而且腺病毒可以逃脱免疫系统的监视

Mol Cell Bio:紧密连接蛋白促进乳腺癌肝转移

紧密连接蛋白与恶性肿瘤的发生和发展有着密切关系,Claudin蛋白是细胞间的紧密连接蛋白的主要结构之一。Claudin蛋白目前研究较多,其中与恶性肿瘤相关的Claudin蛋白主要有7种,不同的肿瘤组织表达的Claudin类蛋白种类、量是不同的,在研究恶性肿瘤诊断、治疗的新手段方面,Claudin蛋白有很大前景。 早期研究确定蛋白紧密连接-2(claudin-2)是乳腺癌肝转移的重要功能性调解因子

Cell Death & Differ:时玉舫等间充质干细胞介导的免疫调节获进展

间充质干细胞(MSCs)是在机体内广泛存在的一种具有多向分化潜能的组织干细胞。更由于其具有重要的免疫调节作用而受到重视,近些年来在疾病模式动物模型和临床研究上MSCs被尝试应用于治疗免疫紊乱疾病。尽管有不少文章报道称MSCs有非常良好的治疗效果,但是其治疗适应症、诊疗时机选择和作用机制等有待进一步研究。 最近,《Cell Death & Differentiation》杂志在线发表了中科

Cell:宿主特异性微生物丛诱导免疫系统成熟

6月21日,Cell杂志报道了宿主特异性微生物丛在诱导免疫系统成熟过程中作用的重要研究进展。 肠道微生物诱导宿主的免疫系统成熟,充分体现了宿主 - 微生物共生关系。研究者移植小鼠微生物丛(MMB)或人类微生物丛(HMB)到无微生物(GF)小鼠小肠中,以确定是否小肠免疫成熟取决于宿主特异性的微生物共同进化。 研究显示,肠道细菌的数量和细菌分类门 (phylum)的丰度在MMB和HMB小鼠小肠中是