Nature子刊:放、化疗方案为何对这些肿瘤无效?

2016-09-04 佚名 药明康德

食道癌发展示意图(图片来源:ottmag.com)说到癌细胞的特点,很多人会想到异常快的分裂速度,而这也正是多种放疗和化疗手段有效性的基础。然而,我们都知道,放疗和化疗并不总是能起效。导致这种结果的原因有很多,包括癌细胞消除得不彻底以及产生抗性等。最近,英国桑格研究所(Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute)的科学家们有了一个新的发现。他们指出,食道癌细胞可能从根本上就不能


食道癌发展示意图(图片来源:ottmag.com)

说到癌细胞的特点,很多人会想到异常快的分裂速度,而这也正是多种放疗和化疗手段有效性的基础。然而,我们都知道,放疗和化疗并不总是能起效。导致这种结果的原因有很多,包括癌细胞消除得不彻底以及产生抗性等。

最近,英国桑格研究所(Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute)的科学家们有了一个新的发现。他们指出,食道癌细胞可能从根本上就不能被放化疗有效杀伤,因为它们的分裂速度竟与正常细胞无异!这一发现发表于最近的Nature子刊《Nature Cell Biology》上,为部分难治性癌症的治疗提供了宝贵的新思路。

为了保证所在组织的动态平衡,正常细胞在分裂产生两个子细胞时,其中一个将保持分裂活性,而另一个则不再继续分裂。也就是说,在每50个正常细胞分裂而得的100个子细胞中,有50个细胞将保持分裂活性,而另外50个细胞则不再会分裂。然而,对于前体食道癌细胞来说,这100个子细胞中将有52个具有分裂活性,只有48个细胞不会再分裂。正是这一点小小的差异,随着分裂轮数的不断累积,将可能最终导致肿瘤的发生。迄今为止,这种形式的癌变机制还是第一次被观察到。

事实上,上述分裂活性/非活性子细胞比例的变化本身并不是问题。例如,在伤口的周围,分裂活性子细胞所占的比例会出现升高,而当伤口愈合后,这一比例又会恢复常态,即1:1。


正常和癌变消化道上皮的分裂(图片来源:《Nature Cell Biology》)

然而,当某些突变出现时,细胞分裂产生的分裂活性子细胞比例将会持续偏高,最终导致这类细胞的总体增殖速率异常加快,并逐渐“排挤”周围的正常细胞,然后形成肿瘤。科学家们发现,KRAS基因所发生的G12D突变就可导致食道细胞发生上述变化,走向癌变的道路。

“我们的研究显示,在分裂行为上,食道癌以及其他一些难治性癌症的肿瘤细胞与正常细胞有着相似的特点,”文章的第一作者Julia Frede博士说道:“这就能解释,为何某些针对快速分裂细胞的疗法(如放疗)并不能治疗所有类型的癌症。我们还需要进一步的研究,去揭示导致分裂活性子细胞比例升高的机理。”


文章的第一作者Julia Frede博士

虽然未参与该研究,癌症研究和慈善组织Cancer Research UK的高级科学信息官Justine Alford博士仍对此给予了高度评价:“这一以小鼠为研究模型的工作揭示了令人惊奇的证据,表明非平衡性的细胞分裂在食道癌发生中的重要作用。下一步就是要将此发现在食道癌患者中进行验证。如果科学家们能阻断导致这一不平衡现象的生物学机制,便可能用于这类难治性癌症的治疗,以拯救更多的患者。”

原始出处

Julia Frede,Philip Greulich,Tibor Nagy, Benjamin D. Simons& Philip H. Jones.A single dividing cell population with imbalanced fate drives oesophageal tumour growth.Nature Cell Biology.2016

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    2017-07-08 liye789132251
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    2016-09-11 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 15:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-05 ren_1989

    干细胞,非干细胞分裂能力

    0

  4. 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160905/IMG57CD4F3BA5C0C4129.jpg, createdBy=428e1946417, createdName=李亚锋, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 17:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110905, encodeId=b52611090561, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160905/IMG57CD4F3BA5C0C4129.jpg, createdBy=428e1946417, createdName=李亚锋, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 17:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110866, encodeId=03c71108665c, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 15:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-05 ren_1989

    不对

    0

  5. 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151005/IMG5612955936CFA7964.jpg, createdBy=18621654109, createdName=Guoxj3234, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 21:19:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110936, encodeId=e04e110936ed, content=阅读了谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110904, encodeId=f93711090477, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 15:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-05 1771ae4158m

    学习了,好

    0

  6. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 15:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-04 Guoxj3234

    学习起来

    0

  7. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiay2EOLKBR8KfnJs0OxA9ib0t7DCBhicibok5AZ6TwNZsnlUJY0391ubTcrSYJ5vQNaMxFpCx6OAT69/0, createdBy=4ae91947230, createdName=ren_1989, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 19:33:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111041, encodeId=dc74111041fb, content=学习了,好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/23/ac01daf0962458a9eb8c0b1e2f6ce5bc.jpg, createdBy=04b81710322, createdName=1771ae4158m, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 06:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110979, encodeId=6f4b1109e96f, content=学习起来, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151005/IMG5612955936CFA7964.jpg, createdBy=18621654109, createdName=Guoxj3234, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 21:19:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110936, encodeId=e04e110936ed, content=阅读了谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110904, encodeId=f93711090477, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160905/IMG57CD4F3BA5C0C4129.jpg, createdBy=428e1946417, createdName=李亚锋, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 17:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110905, encodeId=b52611090561, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160905/IMG57CD4F3BA5C0C4129.jpg, createdBy=428e1946417, createdName=李亚锋, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 17:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110866, encodeId=03c71108665c, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 15:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-04 刘煜

    阅读了谢谢。

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881300, encodeId=f1af1881300ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Jul 08 00:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123031, encodeId=1bf01230311f, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160905/IMG57CD4F3BA5C0C4129.jpg, createdBy=428e1946417, createdName=李亚锋, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 17:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110905, encodeId=b52611090561, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160905/IMG57CD4F3BA5C0C4129.jpg, createdBy=428e1946417, createdName=李亚锋, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 17:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110866, encodeId=03c71108665c, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 15:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-04 李亚锋

    好好学习

    0

  9. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 15:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-04 李亚锋

    好好学习

    0

  10. 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160905/IMG57CD4F3BA5C0C4129.jpg, createdBy=428e1946417, createdName=李亚锋, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 17:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110905, encodeId=b52611090561, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160905/IMG57CD4F3BA5C0C4129.jpg, createdBy=428e1946417, createdName=李亚锋, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 17:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110866, encodeId=03c71108665c, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 15:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-04 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

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