JAMA: 阿斯利康、杨森/强生COVID-19疫苗引起脑静脉窦血栓形成和血小板减少又添新佐证

2021-07-29 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在新冠肺炎疫情前的脑静脉窦血栓患者中,基线血小板减少不常见,肝素诱导的血小板减少和血小板因子4/肝素抗体罕见

最近有报道称,在接种新冠肺炎疫苗ChAdOx1 nCov-19(阿斯利康/牛津)和AD26.CoV2.S(杨森/强生)后4至28天内,在不寻常部位发生血栓并伴有血小板减少的病例。许多报道的患者患有脑静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)。在几个欧洲国家暂停接种ChAdOx1 nCov-19疫苗后,在欧洲药品管理局进行了效益和风险评估后,大多数这些国家恢复了疫苗接种,但仅限于较老的年龄组。在美国,根据食品药品监督管理局和疾病控制和预防中心的建议,暂停接种AD26.CoV2.S疫苗后,恢复了疫苗接种。与血小板4因子/肝素抗体相关的免疫介导反应被认为是潜在的病理机制。

Mayte Sánchez van Kammen等探讨了新冠肺炎疫情前脑静脉窦血栓形成患者入院血小板减少、肝素诱导的血小板减少和血小板因子4/肝素抗体的发生率。研究结果发表在JAMA杂志。

在952例患者中,865例有可用的基线血小板计数。在93名患者的子集中,分析了一项研究在2009年9月至2016年2月的收集的冰冻血浆样本是否存在血小板因子4/肝素抗体。

主要观察指标为入院血小板减少(血小板计数<150×103/μL)、肝素诱导的血小板减少(由治疗医生诊断)和血小板因子4/肝素IgG抗体(光密度>0.4,在以前收集的血浆样本的一组患者中)的频率。

56例脑静脉窦血栓形成伴血小板减少患者入院及出院时血小板计数

865例患者(中位年龄40岁[四分位数间范围29~53岁],70%为女性)中,血小板减少73例(8.4%;95%CI,6.8%~10.5%),轻度(100~149×103/μL)52例(6.0%),中度(50~99×103/μL)17例(2.0%),重度(<50×103/μL)4例(0.5%)。肝素诱导的血小板减少并血小板因子4/肝素抗体在单个患者中被诊断为(0.1%;95%CI,<0.1%-0.7%)。在实验室分析的93例脑静脉窦血栓患者中,8例(9%)有血小板减少,无一例(95%CI,0%-4%)有血小板因子4/肝素抗体。

这项研究中,865名COVID-19大流行前CVST患者出现血小板减少时并不常见。在许多患者中,血小板减少症可以解释为合并症,如癌症或感染,或使用酒精或某些药物。只有1例患者确诊为HIT。由于CVST患者没有进行HIT常规筛查,从93名患者中抽取额外的血浆样本进行PF4/肝素抗体检测,没有一个阳性检测结果。

在新冠肺炎疫情前的脑静脉窦血栓患者中,基线血小板减少不常见,肝素诱导的血小板减少和血小板因子4/肝素抗体罕见这些发现可能有助于研究ChAdOx1 nCoV-19和AD26.CoV2.S COVID-19疫苗与脑静脉窦血栓形成和血小板减少之间的可能联系。

 原文出处

Sánchez van Kammen M, Heldner MR, Brodard J, et al. Frequency of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Factor 4/Heparin Antibodies in Patients With Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA. 2021;326(4):332–338. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.9889

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    2021-07-31 陆成振
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    2021-07-29 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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最近在检验工作中遇到好几例肉眼不可见的血小板聚集致血小板计数减少的病人,如下面这个患者,用EDTA抗凝的血常规管查得血小板计数为20(图1),推片发现血小板聚集。(图2)

Blood:多种受体酪氨酸激酶信号介导急性血小板减少时的造血干细胞反应

虽然骨髓(BM)壁龛细胞对于造血干细胞(HSC)的维持至关重要,但应激时,他们之间的相互作用尚不明确。Ramasz等人利用急性血小板减少症的小鼠模型来研究HSCs和壁龛细胞在血小板池恢复过程中的相互作用。

Blood:转录因子IKZF5突变导致血小板减少

中心点:转录因子IKZF5突变可引发常染色体显性遗传的血小板减少症和α颗粒缺乏。虽然IKZF5在造血系细胞中表达,但IKZF5表达失调仅限于巨核细胞系。摘要:为选择遗传性血小板减少症的新发病因,研究人员对NIHR BioResource招募的13 037位个体的全基因组测序(WGS)信息进行遗传关联分析,其中包括233例孤立性血小板减少症。研究人员发现转录因子编码基因IKZF5上的稀有突变与血小板

Blood:造血细胞移植治疗Wiskott-Aldrich综合征的预后

年龄与总存活率(OS)有显著的相关性,HCT时年龄不足5岁的患者的OS更好。 供体髓细胞移植<50%与HCT后的血小板恢复不良有关。