非淋菌性尿道炎病原学诊断专家共识

2016-12-19 中华医学会 中华医学会

长期以来,传统的培养法以及免疫学方法诊断 非淋菌性尿道炎( nongonococcal urethritis,NGU) 病 原体存在一定程度的漏诊或误诊。随着诊断技术的 不断发展,分子诊断已普遍应用于临床,包括 DNA 检测和 RNA 检测等技术都为诊断这些病原体提供 了更好的方法。为规范此类疾病的诊断程序,提高 疾病诊断水平,中华医学会男科学分会组织国内相 关专家经过多次讨论,制订了 NGU 病

长期以来,传统的培养法以及免疫学方法诊断 非淋菌性尿道炎( nongonococcal urethritis,NGU) 病 原体存在一定程度的漏诊或误诊。随着诊断技术的 不断发展,分子诊断已普遍应用于临床,包括 DNA 检测和 RNA 检测等技术都为诊断这些病原体提供 了更好的方法。为规范此类疾病的诊断程序,提高 疾病诊断水平,中华医学会男科学分会组织国内相 关专家经过多次讨论,制订了 NGU 病原学诊断专家 共识。


本文节选部分内容,全文可见非淋菌性尿道炎病原学诊断专家共识


实验室诊断方法 


CT检测


细胞分离培养法

CT 直径介于病毒与立克次体之间,为原核细胞型微生物,能通过滤菌器,有 独特生活周期。一直以来,细胞分离培养法被认为 是“金标准”方法,其需要用 HeLa 229 细胞、McCoy 细胞或鸡胚卵黄囊接种、分离培养鉴定 CT。但是由 于分离培养操作复杂、技术及设备要求高、所需时间 长和敏感性受标本采集等限制,难以作为临床常规 检查和流行病学筛查,只能作为其他方法的参考标 准应用。 


免疫学检测 

常用免疫学方法有直接荧光 抗体试验( DFA) 和酶联免疫法( EIA) ,这两种方法的特点是: ①适用于多种类型的标本; ②特异性和敏 感性较培养法高,但判定结果带有主观性; ③对操作 有较高要求,不适用于大量标本的检测。 


近年来发展的胶体金免疫法较传统的免疫方法 应用很广泛,其优点是简易、方便、快速,操作简便, 并可就单一标本立即检测,缺点是敏感性仅为细胞培养法的 75% ~ 88%[63-64]。 


分子生物学检测

在目前所有检测方法中, 分子检测技术灵敏度和特异性最好,是首选的检测方法。分子生物学检测主要有 DNA 和 RNA 检测两大类。 


DNA 检测技术主要包括了聚合酶链反应( polymerase chain reaction,PCR) 和连接酶链反应( linkchain reaction,LCR) 。PCR 电泳因其检测结果存在 假阳性而导致特异性下降; 而荧光定量 PCR 杂交法、PCR 微孔板杂交法及套式 PCR 等方法,较好地 解决了敏感性和特异性问题。LCR 法可解决 PCR 中存在的假阳性问题,敏感性也有所提高; 同时,标本可以用尿液或拭子,减轻了患者的痛苦,易被接 受,是一种较好的检测方法。


目前检测CT最好的方法是RNA检测。RNA检测主要包括SAT( simultaneous amplification and testing,SAT) 和 TMA( transcription-mediated amplification,TMA) 技术,这两种技术的扩增仪原理完全相同。由于 RNA 在非病毒性病原体微生物细胞中存 在多拷贝( 其16SrRNA在每个细胞中多达104拷贝) ,与以 DNA 为靶标的 PCR 等技术相比,其灵敏度和准确性更高,并且可以检测包括尿液在内的各 种样本,且不同部位的样本结果一致性很好。研究表明,在男性患者中,尿液和尿道拭子 RNA 检测结 果的一致性几乎可达 100%。另外,由于RNA只存在于活的细菌中,所以RNA检测结果可以用于 疗效判断,符合目前精准医疗的要求,是目前为止最好的检测方法。


MG检测


培养法

MG的传统检测方法是用SP4培养基培养1~5 个月,易污染,且要观察SP4培养基颜色的变化来判断,难以客观评价结果,因此难在临床应用。Vero 细胞培养法约3周左右,仍因其所需时间过长、培养过程中菌株容易死亡等原因,不适用于临床快速检测。 


免疫学检测 

MG与某些微生物( 如肺炎支原体)有交叉抗原,故免疫学检测方法受到一定限 制,免疫法的敏感性和特异性都比较低。 Jurstrand 等基于脂结合膜蛋白的酶联免疫吸附 试验检测法( LAMP-ELISA) 虽然具有较高的种属特异性,但其检测结果随时间波动较大,影响因素较多,亦较难应用于临床诊断。 


分子检测法 

目前用于MG检测的主流方法是分子生物检测,DNA和RNA检测都已应用于MG的临床检测。RNA检测MG目前仅有SAT技术。与CT检测类似,RNA 检测具有取样方便、灵敏度高、特异性好且可用于疗效判定等优点,是MG检测的首选方法。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844685, encodeId=33ab18446850b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Fri Jan 13 04:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1769111, encodeId=f8191e6911161, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebef4e52844' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47528, encryptionId=ebef4e52844, topicName=尿道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b63c37986505, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Mon Mar 06 21:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1586675, encodeId=950e15866e5f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fedfe08121c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病原学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70812, encryptionId=fedfe08121c, topicName=病原学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=70ff17366145, createdName=gjsgj, createdTime=Wed Dec 21 08:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1623102, encodeId=98d61623102fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=504b4e543f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿道炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47543, encryptionId=504b4e543f3, topicName=尿道炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=898020484091, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Wed Dec 21 08:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=164183, encodeId=c6ac16418374, content=谢谢分享!!!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Dec 19 23:57:51 CST 2016, time=2016-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844685, encodeId=33ab18446850b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Fri Jan 13 04:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1769111, encodeId=f8191e6911161, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebef4e52844' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47528, encryptionId=ebef4e52844, topicName=尿道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b63c37986505, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Mon Mar 06 21:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1586675, encodeId=950e15866e5f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fedfe08121c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病原学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70812, encryptionId=fedfe08121c, topicName=病原学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=70ff17366145, createdName=gjsgj, createdTime=Wed Dec 21 08:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1623102, encodeId=98d61623102fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=504b4e543f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿道炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47543, encryptionId=504b4e543f3, topicName=尿道炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=898020484091, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Wed Dec 21 08:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=164183, encodeId=c6ac16418374, content=谢谢分享!!!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Dec 19 23:57:51 CST 2016, time=2016-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-06 lifestar
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844685, encodeId=33ab18446850b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Fri Jan 13 04:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1769111, encodeId=f8191e6911161, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebef4e52844' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47528, encryptionId=ebef4e52844, topicName=尿道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b63c37986505, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Mon Mar 06 21:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1586675, encodeId=950e15866e5f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fedfe08121c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病原学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70812, encryptionId=fedfe08121c, topicName=病原学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=70ff17366145, createdName=gjsgj, createdTime=Wed Dec 21 08:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1623102, encodeId=98d61623102fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=504b4e543f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿道炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47543, encryptionId=504b4e543f3, topicName=尿道炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=898020484091, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Wed Dec 21 08:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=164183, encodeId=c6ac16418374, content=谢谢分享!!!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Dec 19 23:57:51 CST 2016, time=2016-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-21 gjsgj
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844685, encodeId=33ab18446850b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Fri Jan 13 04:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1769111, encodeId=f8191e6911161, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebef4e52844' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47528, encryptionId=ebef4e52844, topicName=尿道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b63c37986505, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Mon Mar 06 21:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1586675, encodeId=950e15866e5f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fedfe08121c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病原学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70812, encryptionId=fedfe08121c, topicName=病原学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=70ff17366145, createdName=gjsgj, createdTime=Wed Dec 21 08:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1623102, encodeId=98d61623102fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=504b4e543f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿道炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47543, encryptionId=504b4e543f3, topicName=尿道炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=898020484091, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Wed Dec 21 08:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=164183, encodeId=c6ac16418374, content=谢谢分享!!!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Dec 19 23:57:51 CST 2016, time=2016-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844685, encodeId=33ab18446850b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Fri Jan 13 04:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1769111, encodeId=f8191e6911161, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebef4e52844' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47528, encryptionId=ebef4e52844, topicName=尿道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b63c37986505, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Mon Mar 06 21:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1586675, encodeId=950e15866e5f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fedfe08121c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病原学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70812, encryptionId=fedfe08121c, topicName=病原学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=70ff17366145, createdName=gjsgj, createdTime=Wed Dec 21 08:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1623102, encodeId=98d61623102fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=504b4e543f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿道炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47543, encryptionId=504b4e543f3, topicName=尿道炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=898020484091, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Wed Dec 21 08:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=164183, encodeId=c6ac16418374, content=谢谢分享!!!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Dec 19 23:57:51 CST 2016, time=2016-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-19 知难而进

    谢谢分享!!!!!!

    0