Cell Metabol:可增强学习和记忆的蛋白

2015-05-04 佚名 生物谷

近日,一篇发表于国际杂志Cell Metabolism上的研究论文中,来自索尔克研究所的研究人员通过研究发现人类机体的生理和心理活动依赖于一种单一的代谢蛋白质,该蛋白可以控制全身的血流以及营养物质,该研究或为开发潜在的疗法进行再生医学及发育医学研究来解决个体记忆和学习缺失等障碍提供一定的帮助。研究者Ronald Evans表示,心脏和肌肉需要强劲的能量来进行锻炼,而神经元则需要大量的能量来帮助机体

近日,一篇发表于国际杂志Cell Metabolism上的研究论文中,来自索尔克研究所的研究人员通过研究发现人类机体的生理和心理活动依赖于一种单一的代谢蛋白质,该蛋白可以控制全身的血流以及营养物质,该研究或为开发潜在的疗法进行再生医学及发育医学研究来解决个体记忆和学习缺失等障碍提供一定的帮助。

研究者Ronald Evans表示,心脏和肌肉需要强劲的能量来进行锻炼,而神经元则需要大量的能量来帮助机体形成记忆;我们发现肌肉和大脑的能量可以被一种名为雌激素相关的受体γ(ERRγ)单一蛋白所控制,此前研究中研究者揭示了ERRγ在心脏和骨骼肌中的角色,2011年,研究人员发现,促进久坐小鼠机体的ERRγ活性可以帮助增加肌肉的血液供给并且加倍小鼠的奔跑能力。

ERRγ可以开启一整套肌肉的宿主基因来帮助将脂肪转化为能量,同时其也可以作为一种主要的代谢开关来激发并增强肌肉的表现力;尽管研究已经揭示ERRγ在大脑中具有活性,但研究人员并不知道为何大脑会燃烧糖类,而且此前ERRγ被证实仅可以燃烧脂肪,于是研究人员决定通过深入研究来解释该蛋白在大脑细胞中的具体作用。

通过分离并观察离体的神经元,研究者Liming Pei发现,在肌肉中ERRγ蛋白可以激活大脑细胞中数个代谢基因的表达,而这种激活作用和糖类相关,而不是和脂肪相关;而且缺失ERRγ的神经元并不会增加能量代谢,反而会中和该过程。研究者表示,ERRγ可以开启肌肉组织中的脂肪燃烧通路以及大脑中的糖类燃烧路径。

ERRγ在小鼠的海马体中最具有活性,而海马体是大脑中新的大脑细胞形成的主要区域,该区域主要参与记忆和学习能力的形成,同时其也需要大量的能量,研究者想知道是否ERRγ对于学习和记忆具有直接的作用,随后通过研究大脑中缺失ERRγ的小鼠他们发现了某种关联,相比具有正常水平的ERRγ而言,缺失该蛋白的小鼠尽管具有正常的视觉、运动及平衡能力时,但其往往在“水迷宫”中学习游泳较慢,同时也并不擅长于记住之前的迷宫地图。

因此缺失ERRγ的小鼠就是典型的学习较慢者,而ERRγ水平的改变或许是个体学习能力差异的根源,每个人都能够学习,但有些人往往可以高效学习并且进行记忆,而本文中研究者将这种差异同大脑的代谢改变联系了起来。

理解神经元的代谢机制或可帮助开发治疗学习和注意力障碍相关疾病的新型疗法,如果有可能的话研究者希望可以通过改变ERRγ的水平来增强个体的记忆力,正如增强肌肉功能那样;最后研究者Evans说道,我们所发现的就是记忆力可以真正建立在代谢支架上,如果我们想去理解记忆和学习的机制,那么我们就需要理解隐藏在整个过程下的更为深入的机制。

原始出处:

Liming Peicorrespondenceemail, Yangling Mu8, Mathias Leblanc, William Alaynick, Grant D. Barish, Matthew Pankratz, Tiffany W. Tseng, Samantha Kaufman, Christopher Liddle, Ruth T. Yu, Michael Downes, Samuel L. Pfaff, Johan Auwerx, Fred H. Gage, Ronald M. Evans.Dependence of Hippocampal Function on ERRγ-Regulated Mitochondrial Metabolism.Cell Metabolism, April 7, 2015.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2015.03.004

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    2015-11-18 一闲
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    2015-12-06 维他命
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    2015-08-11 guojianrong
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    2015-05-06 闆锋旦