Nature Neuroscience:发现导致强迫症的罕见基因突变,为强迫症治疗开辟新方向

2021-06-30 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

出门后总觉得门忘了锁,得跑回去看看;

出门后总觉得门忘了锁,得跑回去看看;

每隔几分钟就下意识看手机,唯恐漏掉消息;

明明很困,却总是熬夜玩手机;

明明买来没什么用,却还是忍不住买买买;

这些行为你时常发生吗?其实这些都是比较典型的强迫症行为,在全世界范围内,强迫症终身患病率为1%~2%。有近10亿人表现出有不同程度的强迫症症状。严重强迫症的危害很大,严重影响患者注意力,以及学习和工作,严重的可以完全丧失学习能力和工作能力,导致精神残疾。

严重强迫症通常在家族中遗传,因此,基因在决定强迫症方面发挥着重要作用。然而,具体哪些基因导致强迫症,仍不清楚。发现和确定这些基因突变,将为治疗严重强迫症提供有利靶点。

2021年6月28日,哥伦比亚大学、约翰·霍普金斯大学、北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校、哈佛医学院等单位的研究人员在 Nature Neuroscience 发表了题为:Exome sequencing in obsessive–compulsive disorder reveals a burden of rare damaging coding variants 的研究论文。

这项史上最大规模的强迫症基因组分析研究,证实了基因突变与人类强迫症的关联,发现了与强迫症关联最强的 SLITRK5 基因突变,为针对特定基因开发强迫症新疗法指明了方向。

强迫症是一种致残性障碍,发病率是精神分裂症的两倍,目前有两种可用的疗法治疗强迫症,一种是五羟色胺再摄取抑制剂,一种是认知行为疗法,这两种疗法虽然有效,但是只对大约一半的患者有效。对于强迫症患者和医生来说,新的治疗方法可能不会很快出现。因此,找到强迫症相关基因,无疑会给强迫症药物开发和治疗带来新的曙光。

为了找到强迫症相关基因,研究团队对1313名强迫症患者中进行了全外显子基因组测序,对他们的编码基因进行了研究,并与对照组比较。通过这种高通量测序结合计算分析,研究团队发现强迫症与罕见基因突变之间存在很强的关联性,特别是在一个名为 SLITRK5 的基因中。

这项研究证实了罕见基因突变与强迫症发生有关,尤其是 SLITRK5 的基因突变,说明了还有更多的强迫症相关基因有待发现,这些基因的发现非常令人兴奋,表明精准医学的应用范围可能包括了强迫症等精神疾病,这也将最终改变我们诊断和治疗强迫症这种疾病的方式。

该研究的通讯作者 David Goldstein 表示,预计该研究发现的 SLITRK5 基因突变的数据将鼓励制药公司和转化研究人员开发针对该基因的强迫症治疗药物。

相关阅读

2021年1月18日,波士顿大学的研究人员在 Nature Medicine 期刊发表了题为:High-frequency neuromodulation improves obsessive–compulsive behavior 的研究论文。该研究表明,对大脑进行电刺激,可拯救受强迫症、抑郁症等精神疾病困扰的患者。

研究团队发现,5天的慢性电刺激(例如经颅交流电刺激,tACS)可以让强迫行为的减少持续3个月,症状最重的受试者改善最大。这项研究结果表明,无创、个性化的脑回路疗法具有治疗强迫行为和相关症状的潜力。也有助于进一步了解奖励、学习和强迫症的神经生理学理论。

原始出处:

Halvorsen, M., Samuels, J., Wang, Y. et al. Exome sequencing in obsessive–compulsive disorder reveals a burden of rare damaging coding variants. Nat Neurosci (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-021-00876-8.

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    2021-08-17 liye789132251
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    2021-07-01 lsndxfj
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    2021-07-01 jichang
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    2021-07-01 syscxl

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