Genome Biology:单细胞测序揭示微转移乳腺癌细胞的起源

2016-12-30 测序中国 测序中国

微转移是指存在于淋巴结、骨髓和血循环中,但常规临床病理学和影像学方法不能检出的非血液系统恶性肿瘤的转移,一般定义为以单个细胞或微小细胞团形式存在的隐匿性转移。骨髓中的微转移细胞被称为弥散性肿瘤细胞,对乳腺癌患者具有独立的预后价值。挪威奥斯陆大学医院Bjørn Naume带领的国际研究小组使用单细胞测序分析了从乳腺癌患者骨髓中分离的、疑似存在微转移(micro-metastases)的细胞。他们对来

微转移是指存在于淋巴结、骨髓和血循环中,但常规临床病理学和影像学方法不能检出的非血液系统恶性肿瘤的转移,一般定义为以单个细胞或微小细胞团形式存在的隐匿性转移。骨髓中的微转移细胞被称为弥散性肿瘤细胞,对乳腺癌患者具有独立的预后价值。


挪威奥斯陆大学医院Bjørn Naume带领的国际研究小组使用单细胞测序分析了从乳腺癌患者骨髓中分离的、疑似存在微转移(micro-metastases)的细胞。他们对来自6名乳腺癌患者骨髓中的63个单细胞进行基因组测序,将这些细胞中的拷贝数异常与来自患者原发性肿瘤的细胞进行比较,发现一小部分细胞是弥散性肿瘤细胞(disseminated tumor cell,DTC),这项研究结果发表在Genome Biology(IF:11.313 上。通过重建这些细胞的系统发生(phylogeny)过程,进一步分析了这些细胞是如何产生的。

文章共同第一作者,来自伦敦弗朗西斯·克里克研究所(Francis Crick Institute)的Jonas Demeulemeester表示,“弥散性肿瘤细胞在重新活化并产生新的肿瘤或转移之前,可以潜伏多年不被发现,而且通常对治疗具有抗性。”

单细胞全基因组测序发现弥散性肿瘤细胞

基于免疫细胞化学染色,研究者们从6名乳腺癌患者的7份骨髓抽吸物中分离出单个细胞,其中6份抽吸物样本是在诊断时收集,1份是在诊断后3年获取。同时,研究人员从抽吸物中收集了7份对照细胞,还从其中一名患者中收集了同步腋窝淋巴结转移样本。根据它们的形态特征,这些细胞被分成肿瘤细胞、疑似造血细胞、造血细胞,以及不确定的细胞群。

所有63个细胞的基因组经过扩增后,进行全基因组测序,测序覆盖深度为1.7X。其中11个细胞中检测到的拷贝数变异模式,与患者原发性肿瘤或淋巴结转移中的模式相似,这说明它们是真正的弥散性肿瘤细胞。研究人员指出,根据细胞形态特征也能判断这11个细胞中大部分是肿瘤细胞。这些弥散性肿瘤细胞来自3名患者,她们后来都出现了肿瘤远端转移。

Demeulemeester说,“这些之前被认为是癌症细胞的细胞中,只有一部分是真的来自原发性肿瘤。因此,进一步细化指标意味着更准确的预后和更加定制化的治疗,可避免过度治疗或者治疗不足。”

外显子组测序分析弥散性肿瘤细胞是如何产生的

但是这些细胞的扩散方式仍然未知,关于细胞的扩散方式有两种理论:一种认为DTC很早就脱离肿瘤的起源位点并独立进化,另一种则认为这些细胞是比较晚的时候从亚克隆上脱离,因此具有与原发性肿瘤大致相似的基因组。

为了重建弥散性肿瘤细胞的可能扩散途径,研究人员对患者的原发性肿瘤、相匹配的正常血细胞和一名患者的淋巴结转移进行外显子组测序,平均测序深度约35X。他们在7个肿瘤外显子组中发现了239个体细胞替换突变,其中103个是非同义突变。

利用这些突变作为指导,研究人员重建了3名患者肿瘤的系统发生过程。

在其中一名患者中,研究人员发现原发性肿瘤具有1q和17q DNA克隆增益(DNA gains),以及4号染色体丢失和一些片段缺失。该患者的肿瘤亚克隆还具有1q臂增益。同时,来自该患者的DTC虽然没有亚克隆增益或者任何DTC特异性拷贝数变异,但具有所有克隆拷贝数变异(copy number aberrations,CNA)。

在第二名患者中,DTC具有原发性肿瘤的所有克隆CNA以及亚克隆增益。

在第三名淋巴结转移患者的DTC中,他们发现了更复杂的进展模式。该患者的DTC起源于淋巴结转移的多个亚克隆。此外,诊断后3年获得的DTC具有淋巴结转移中发现的所有克隆变异,甚至更多。这说明它们起源于淋巴结转移的亚克隆,在治疗中得以存活并继续进化。

研究人员表示,这些结果支持乳腺癌细胞在较晚时候向骨髓扩散的理论。

作者们写道,“虽然我们的样本量较小,还需要进一步深入研究,但是这些结果说明,在这些转移性克隆出现之前若能进行早期检测,可以改善诊断和治疗。”

原始出处:

Jonas Demeulemeester,et al. Tracing the origin of disseminated tumor cells in breast cancer using single-cell sequencing. Genome Biology. 9 December 2016.

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    2017-04-01 sunylz
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    2017-01-15 逃家小兔

    学习啦,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-01-01 yxch36
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    2016-12-31 1e128d2fm65(暂无匿称)

    学习一下,参考

    0

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    2016-12-30 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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