Cell Rep:发现新型效应性Treg细胞亚群

2017-11-17 佚名 中科院微生物所

近年来研究发现,Treg细胞还会分泌一种新型抑制性细胞因子IL-35,该因子已被证实在体内和体外都具有很强的免疫抑制能力,能够在感染性疾病和肿瘤中引起传染性免疫耐受。

调节性 T(Treg)细胞对维持自身免疫稳态至关重要,但也是肿瘤抑制性微环境形成的重要原因。已有报道表明,Treg细胞也要经历类似CD4 T细胞一样的活化过程,最终分化为效应性Treg细胞,可分泌抑制性细胞因子,行使免疫抑制功能。TGF-β、IL-10是被普遍研究的免疫抑制因子。近年来研究发现,Treg细胞还会分泌一种新型抑制性细胞因子IL-35,该因子已被证实在体内和体外都具有很强的免疫抑制能力,能够在感染性疾病和肿瘤中引起传染性免疫耐受。但受限于没有合适的抗体,目前检测分泌IL-35 的细胞仍非常困难,已知的研究都是建立在利用RT-PCR和ELISA技术在细胞总体水平上的检测,缺乏对分泌IL-35的细胞深入细致的了解。

为了深入研究Treg细胞的抑制功能,中国科学院微生物研究所周旭宇研究员课题组利用BAC转基因技术构建了IL-35的报告基因小鼠(Ebi3-Dre-Thy1.1小鼠),在该小鼠中可以用细胞表面Thy1.1的表达来指示细胞内IL-35的分泌情况,并可以通过注射Thy1.1抗体在体内研究IL-35分泌细胞的功能。通过报告基因的标记,课题组发现在小鼠体内存在的IL-35分泌细胞主要来源于胸腺来源的tTreg细胞。进一步通过表面分子和转录谱分析发现,分泌IL-35的IL-35-Treg和分泌IL-10的IL-10-Treg是两群完全独立的效应性Treg亚群,它们具有不同的表面标记、组织分布和转录因子的依赖性。IL-35-Treg细胞表达CCR7分子,倾向于留在T细胞区域,在抑制肿瘤免疫中发挥重要功能;并且IL-35-Treg并不依赖转录因子Blimp1的表达。而IL-10-Treg细胞则分泌高水平IL-10和多种颗粒酶(Gzms),高表达多种趋化因子受体(如CCR5和CCR4等),倾向于迁移到外周免疫部位发生抑制功能;与IL-35-Treg不同,IL-10-Treg细胞严格依赖于转录因子Blimp1的表达。该研究还证明IL-35-Treg和IL-10-Treg具有功能的互补性,共同合作维持机体的免疫耐受。

在本项研究工作中,周旭宇课题组利用报告基因小鼠作为研究工具,从表型和功能两方面揭示了不同效应性Treg细胞亚群(IL-35-Treg和IL-10-Treg)(如图)。该研究将丰富我们对Treg免疫抑制机制的认识,可能为多种自身免疫疾病、感染性疾病及癌症等提供新的治疗策略。


图:效应性IL-35-Treg 细胞和IL-10-Treg细胞共同维持机体免疫耐受

该研究成果已于11月14日在线发表在Cell Reports杂志上。该项研究得到了国家自然科学基金项目和973项目的资助。

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    2018-03-02 维他命
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