J Neurosurg Spine:CT测量证实颈椎侧块螺钉技术可用于大部分儿童患者

2013-01-04 J Neurosurg Spine 网络 diggs

自Roy-Camille首先介绍了颈椎侧块螺钉后,Roy-Camille、Magerl、Louis等通过努力逐渐推广了这一技术。以往的研究表明:此技术可用于椎弓根螺钉等其它技术不适用的部分病例,而与侧块螺钉技术相关的并发症主要是对颈神经和椎动脉的损伤或激惹。在成年人群中的研究表明,颈椎侧块螺钉技术安全有效,但其在儿童患者应用的可行性分析尚不多见。12月的J Neurosurg : Spine杂志上

自Roy-Camille首先介绍了颈椎侧块螺钉后,Roy-Camille、Magerl、Louis等通过努力逐渐推广了这一技术。以往的研究表明:此技术可用于椎弓根螺钉等其它技术不适用的部分病例,而与侧块螺钉技术相关的并发症主要是对颈神经和椎动脉的损伤或激惹。在成年人群中的研究表明,颈椎侧块螺钉技术安全有效,但其在儿童患者应用的可行性分析尚不多见。12月的J Neurosurg : Spine杂志上发表了George Al-Shamy等发表的与此相关的一项研究。

该研究包括70例儿童,其中包括56名男孩和14名女孩,平均年龄4.93岁,就诊时间为2006年8月至2011年2月,对所有患儿的CT等影像学资料在影像传输系统中进行测量并进行统计学分析,各测量指标见图1。

图1 各测定指标示意图,A:轴位图示侧块宽度和高度;B:冠状位显示侧块宽度和高度;C:失状位测量侧块厚度和anatomical and diagonal height;D:失状位测量椎板角度
 
该研究的结论表明:下颈椎的侧块螺钉固定技术适用于大部分儿童患者,其中,超过4岁的儿童均可应用此技术。

图2 以年龄为分段各节段颈椎能够容纳侧块螺钉的情况,蓝色柱表示能够置钉,灰色柱提示不能置钉
 
各测量径线的统计学分析见以下各表
 
表1  70例患者轴状位侧块宽度、高度的年龄和性别分布


表2  70例患者冠状位侧块宽度、高度的年龄和性别分布


表3  70例患者矢状位侧块宽度、高度的年龄和性别分布

 

表4  70例患者矢状位diagonal及关节面角度的年龄和性别分布
 


图3  各节段颈椎所测量径线的箱线图,箱代表25-75%的区间,水平线为中位数,点和垂线代表数值的分布区间
 
更重要的是,椎体每向尾侧下移一节,椎板的角度减少约5度,而其高度则略有增加,这提示儿童患者的进钉点应较成人更靠内侧和腹侧,而其进钉角度应更陡峭;另外,该研究也提示我们,术前薄层CT扫描有助于确定儿童患者是否适用于此技术,也有助于规划置钉方案。

OBJECT
Lateral mass screws are routinely placed throughout the subaxial cervical spine in adults, but there are few clinical or radiographic studies regarding lateral mass fixation in children. The morphology of pediatric cervical lateral masses may be associated with greater difficulty in obtaining adequate purchase. The authors examined the lateral masses of the subaxial cervical spine in pediatric patients to define morphometric differences compared with adults, establish guidelines for lateral mass instrumentation in children, and define potential limitations of this technique in the pediatric age group.
METHODS
Morphometric analysis was performed on CT of the lateral masses of C3–7 in 56 boys and 14 girls. Measurements were obtained in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes.
RESULTS
For most levels and measurements, results in boys and girls did not differ significantly; the few values that were significantly different are not likely to be clinically significant. On the other hand, younger (< 8 years of age) and older children (≥ 8 years of age) differed significantly at every level and measurement except for facet angularity. Sagittal diagonal, a measurement that closely estimates screw length, was found to increase at each successive caudal level from C-3 to C-7, similar to the adult population. A screw acceptance analysis found that all patients ≥ 4 years of age could accept at least a 3.5 × 10 mm lateral mass screw.
CONCLUSIONS
Lateral mass screw fixation is feasible in the pediatric cervical spine, particularly in children age 4 years old or older. Lateral mass screw fixation is feasible even at the C-7 level, where pedicle screw placement has been advised in lieu of lateral mass screws because of the small size and steep trajectory of the C-7 lateral mass. Nonetheless, all pediatric patients should undergo high-resolution, thin-slice CT preoperatively to assess suitability for lateral mass screw fixation.

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    2013-02-08 mgqwxj
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    2013-01-06 lsndxfj

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