J Antimicrob Chemother:根除幽门螺旋杆菌有难度 可求助四联疗法复合胶囊

2018-06-19 石岩 环球医学

幽门螺旋杆菌感染是严峻的公共卫生问题,影响全球近一半人口。同时,它是慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡病、胃癌等胃十二指肠疾病的主要原因。在我国大部分地区,幽门螺旋杆菌对甲硝唑和克拉霉素均表现出高度耐药性,这导致使用标准三联疗法的根除率较低。对这些地区建议加入铋剂治疗,该方案被证明可改善幽门螺旋杆菌根除率。

幽门螺旋杆菌感染是严峻的公共卫生问题,影响全球近一半人口。同时,它是慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡病、胃癌等胃十二指肠疾病的主要原因。在我国大部分地区,幽门螺旋杆菌对甲硝唑和克拉霉素均表现出高度耐药性,这导致使用标准三联疗法的根除率较低。对这些地区建议加入铋剂治疗,该方案被证明可改善幽门螺旋杆菌根除率。

为了改善患者服药的便利性,已经开发一种新型复合胶囊,包括铋剂、甲硝唑和四环素与奥美拉唑同时服用(OBMT),用于根除幽门螺旋杆菌。 有研究报道,此类胶囊的根除率高于85%,耐受性良好,能克服幽门螺旋杆菌甲硝唑和克拉霉素耐药性的挑战,但其在亚洲患者中的有效性和安全性尚未得到充分考证。

2018年1月,发表在《J Antimicrob Chemother》的一项由中国学者进行的前瞻性、随机、多中心试验,在十二指溃疡患者中,比较了OBMT vs铋剂、奥美拉唑、阿莫西林和克拉霉素(OBAC)组成的四联疗法用于根除幽门螺旋杆菌的有效性和安全性。

试验于2013年1月至2014年4月在中国10家三级医院开展。患者被随机分配接受10日OBMT治疗或10日OBAC治疗。研究的主要结局是幽门螺旋杆菌清除率,通过奥美拉唑治疗结束后的20~25日 [13C]尿素呼气试验阴性来证实。采用Etest确定抗菌药耐药性。本研究已在ClinicalTrials.gov注册,注册号是ChiCTR-TRC-13003143。

192名患者接受OBMT治疗,192名接受OBAC治疗。在ITT分析(86.46% vs 87.50%,P=0.762)和PP分析(94.58% vs 93.06%,P=0.563)中,OBMT和OBAC所达到的根除率无明显差异。OBMT和OBAC的疗效不受甲硝唑或克拉霉素耐药的影响。两种治疗的潜在的不良事件(TEAEs)相似;最常报道的是胃肠道和CNS症状。

研究表明,新型复合胶囊OBMT四联疗法与我国临床广泛使用的OBAC疗法对幽门螺旋杆菌感染同样有效且耐受性良好。此外,OBMT疗法在很大程度上能克服幽门螺旋杆菌甲硝唑和克拉霉素耐药性的挑战。

最近,随着基于克拉霉素的三联疗法在世界范围内推广,幽门螺旋杆菌的根除率已降至80%以下。抗菌药耐药性是幽门螺旋杆菌根除失败的重要因素,特别是在我国,幽门螺旋杆菌菌株对甲硝唑和克拉霉素的耐药率较高,而对阿莫西林、四环素和呋喃唑酮的耐药率较低。

铋盐在我国主要为局部用药,与抗幽门螺旋杆菌的抗菌药联用可阻止耐药性出现。与最近的报道一致,OBAC治疗在该项研究中达到了理想的根除率。研究结果表明,OBMT治疗似乎克服了幽门螺旋杆菌对甲硝唑的耐药性。此外,研究中OBMT组TEAE百分比为40.9%,低于美国和欧洲试验报告的百分比,未出现严重的TEAE或死亡事件。因此,OBMT治疗的依从性和安全性能被广泛接受。

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    2019-02-08 风铃830
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    2018-10-08 xjy02
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幽门螺杆菌(Hp)是慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌等最常见的原因之一,2015年《京都共识》提出Hp相关的慢性胃炎是传染病,每个Hp感染的患者均应根除Hp。

Helicobacter:2017年幽门螺杆菌感染的治疗

本综述总结了2016年4月至2017年4月期间发表的关于幽门螺杆菌(Hp)治疗的重要研究。涉及的主题包括评估铋剂和非铋剂四联疗法疗效的研究。